Risk Factors for Sleep Disorders in Patients with Chronic Pain: A Meta-Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v8i10.1100Keywords:
Chronic pain, Insomnia, Obstructive sleep apnea, Restless legs syndrome, Sleep disordersAbstract
Background: Chronic pain and sleep disorders frequently co-occur, exacerbating each other in a vicious cycle. This meta-analysis aimed to identify and quantify risk factors associated with sleep disorders in individuals experiencing chronic pain.
Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted from January 2018 to June 2024. Studies assessing sleep disorders (insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome) in adults with chronic pain (non-cancer pain lasting >3 months) were included. Data on demographics, pain characteristics, sleep measures, and potential risk factors were extracted. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: Twenty-seven studies (n = 12,453 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Chronic pain significantly increased the odds of having any sleep disorder (OR 2.83, 95% CI 2.19-3.65). Specific risk factors identified included: Female gender: OR 1.41 (95% CI 1.18-1.67); Higher pain intensity: OR 1.15 per 1-unit increase on a 0-10 scale (95% CI 1.08-1.23); Longer pain duration: OR 1.04 per year (95% CI 1.01-1.07); Presence of depression or anxiety: OR 2.32 (95% CI 1.85-2.91); Use of opioid medications: OR 1.58 (95% CI 1.23-2.04).
Conclusion: Chronic pain is a substantial risk factor for sleep disorders. Gender, pain intensity, duration, comorbid mental health conditions, and opioid use emerged as modifiable risk factors. Targeted interventions addressing these factors may improve sleep outcomes in individuals with chronic pain.
Authors
- An Nissa’ Yoerizta Ratu1*
- Arina Widya Murni2
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas/Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
- 2Division of Psychosomatic Medicine and Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas/Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Corresponding author An Nissa’ Yoerizta Ratu — yoeriztaratu@gmail.com
Article history
- Submitted
- Accepted
- Published
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and licensing
Copyright in each article remains with the author(s). Authors grant Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research a non-exclusive right of first publication and the right to identify itself as the original publisher. No exclusive transfer of copyright is required.
All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. Users may copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the material for non-commercial purposes, provided appropriate attribution is given, a link to the license is supplied, changes are indicated, and adaptations are distributed under the same license.
The license applies to the article's scholarly content unless a credit line states otherwise. Third-party material may be subject to separate rights. Authors retain patent, trademark, moral, and research-data rights. The copyright year follows the article's publication date.
