Impact of Acupoint Specificity on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v9i7.1322Keywords:
Acupoint Specificity, Acupuncture Therapy, Angina Pectoris, Cardiovascular Diseases, HypertensionAbstract
Background: Acupuncture, a cornerstone of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is increasingly utilized for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). A central tenet is acupoint specificity – the hypothesis that stimulating specific acupoints yields distinct therapeutic effects compared to non-specific points or sham interventions. However, the empirical evidence supporting acupoint specificity for cardiovascular outcomes remains debated. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the current evidence regarding the impact of acupoint specificity on clinically relevant cardiovascular outcomes.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted in major biomedical databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2014 and December 2024. Studies were included if they compared acupuncture at specific, predefined acupoints relevant to cardiovascular conditions against a control group involving sham acupuncture (non-penetrating, superficial needling at non-acupoints, or needling at irrelevant acupoints) or minimal acupuncture. The primary outcomes included changes in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), heart rate variability (HRV) parameters, angina frequency/severity, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.
Results: Seven RCTs involving 850 participants met the inclusion criteria, addressing hypertension (n=3), stable angina (n=2), heart failure support (n=1), and HRV modulation in healthy subjects (n=1). Three studies (one hypertension, one angina, one HRV) suggested statistically significant benefits of specific acupoint stimulation (such as PC6, ST36, LR3) over sham controls for primary outcomes (such as greater reduction in systolic blood pressure, reduced angina frequency, specific HRV modulation). Heterogeneity was substantial across studies, even within the same condition, particularly concerning acupoint selection, stimulation parameters, and control group design.
Conclusion: The evidence supporting clinically significant acupoint specificity for cardiovascular outcomes remains inconclusive and inconsistent. While some studies suggest potential benefits of stimulating specific points like PC6 or ST36 compared to sham interventions, others fail to demonstrate superiority. High-quality, rigorously designed RCTs with standardized protocols, appropriate sham controls, and adequate sample sizes are imperative to clarify the role of acupoint specificity in acupuncture's cardiovascular effects.
Authors
- Hedi Suanto Tjong1*
- Hendsun Hendsun2
- Guo Xinyu3
- Hitoshi Tanaka4
- 1Master of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, International Education College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- 2Cardiovascular Resident, International Education College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- 3Department of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- 4Faculty of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Toyo Medical College, Osaka, Japan
Corresponding author Hedi Suanto Tjong — kusalaputto@gmail.com
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