Diagnosis and Current Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v8i3.945Keywords:
HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Immunotherapy, TACE, Targeted therapyAbstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignant liver tumor originating from hepatocytes which has a very poor prognosis and is ranked the sixth most common cancer disease in the world and is ranked third in deaths caused by cancer worldwide. Symptoms of underlying liver diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis often disguise the diagnosis of HCC so that most cases are discovered at an advanced stage. The examination modalities commonly used in surveillance are liver ultrasound (USG) examination and measurement of alpha levels fetoprotein (AFP) with sensitivity diagnostic up to 90%. Non-invasive imaging plays an important role in objective recognition and staging enforcement diagnosis as early as possible so that the patient's prognosis is better. Treatment for early-stage HCC can be given through curative therapy such as resection, liver transplantation, and local ablation, but disease at an advanced stage causes limited options in management where governance The current focus is on systemic therapy with a focus on a combination strategy of immunotherapy or a combination of targeted therapy with immunotherapy as the first line.
Authors
- Rivo Armanda Satria1*
- Saptino Miro2
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas/Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
- 2Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas/Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Corresponding author Rivo Armanda Satria — rivoarmanda@gmail.com
Article history
- Submitted
- Accepted
- Published
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and licensing
Copyright in each article remains with the author(s). Authors grant Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research a non-exclusive right of first publication and the right to identify itself as the original publisher. No exclusive transfer of copyright is required.
All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. Users may copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the material for non-commercial purposes, provided appropriate attribution is given, a link to the license is supplied, changes are indicated, and adaptations are distributed under the same license.
The license applies to the article's scholarly content unless a credit line states otherwise. Third-party material may be subject to separate rights. Authors retain patent, trademark, moral, and research-data rights. The copyright year follows the article's publication date.
