VAT Dyes as Primary Sensitizers in Occupational Contact Dermatitis: Clinical and Patch Test Profiles in the Traditional Sasirangan Textile Industry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v10i5.1595Keywords:
Allergic contact dermatitis, Occupational contact dermatitis, Patch test, Pathophysiology, VAT dyesAbstract
Background: Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) significantly impacts workers in the informal textile sector. While disperse dyes are well-documented sensitizers, the allergenic potential of VAT dyes in traditional manufacturing, such as the Indonesian Sasirangan batik industry, remains under-evaluated.
Methods: An analytical observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 Sasirangan artisans (20 wet workers, 20 dry workers). Clinical diagnoses were established using the Mathias criteria and NOSQ-2002. Epicutaneous patch testing was performed using a baseline series and specific synthetic dyes (1% in petrolatum), read at 48, 72, and 96 hours per ICDRG criteria. Multivariable logistic regression complemented the primary statistical analysis to assess predictive risk factors.
Results: The prevalence of positive patch tests was 62.5% (25/40). The primary sensitizers were VAT dye willanthrene brill rose 4R (42.5%) and VAT dye willanthrene green B (37.5%). A significant correlation was found between a clinical history of OCD and positive patch test outcomes (p=0.014, OR=5.6). Surprisingly, job type (wet vs. dry), handwashing frequency, and PPE use did not significantly correlate with patch test positivity (p>0.05), highlighting the pervasive nature of dye allergens across the workspace.
Conclusion: VAT dyes are potent primary sensitizers in the traditional Sasirangan textile industry. A clinical history of OCD is a strong predictor of patch test positivity, emphasizing the need for targeted allergen identification and barrier protection.
Authors
- Medisiana Sukses Soenoe1*
- Muslimin1
- Radityastuti1
- 1Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Aesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
Corresponding author Medisiana Sukses Soenoe — medisianasukses@gmail.com
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