Recent Evidence on Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v6i10.599Keywords:
Acute kidney injury, COVID-19, Proteinuria, HematuriaAbstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is broad, ranging from an asymptomatic carrier state to severe disease leading to the death penalty. There is also emerging evidence that kidneys are affected early in COVID-19. Proteinuria and haematuria have been reported in 44% and 26.7% on admission, respectively. This literature review shows clinical manifestations of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a patient with COVID-19 infection. Literature reviews are carried out on various sources found on Google Scholar and Pubmed to search for articles, journal research, case reports, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and textbooks. Various studies demonstrate the possibility of coronavirus infecting the kidney with several mechanisms such as cytokine storm syndrome (CSS), direct viral infection, and imbalance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS). Haematuria and proteinuria are associated with higher mortality and may signify aggressive disease early. Thus all patients should have a baseline urinalysis. There is a number of different causes of AKI in COVID-19, and some mechanisms by which COVID-19 affects kidneys remain unclear.
Authors
- Herleni Kartika1*
- Novadian Suhaimi1
- Zulkhair Ali1
- Suprapti1
- Ian Effendi1
- Harun Hudari2
- Mega Permata2
- Nelda Aprilia Salim2
- Eddy Yuristo3
- 1Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya/Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
- 2Division of Tropical and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya/Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya/Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
Corresponding author Herleni Kartika — kartikaherleni@yahoo.co.id
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