Policy on AI and Automated Tools

Authors

Generative AI and automated tools cannot be listed as authors or cited as responsible sources. Authors remain accountable for the accuracy, originality, citations, confidentiality, permissions, and integrity of all submitted content. Use that goes beyond routine spelling, grammar, formatting, or reference-management assistance must be disclosed in the manuscript, including the tool, version, purpose, and extent of use. AI must not fabricate, alter, or conceal data, images, consent, ethical approval, or sources.

Reviewers and Editors

Unpublished manuscripts, reviews, correspondence, and personal data are confidential. Reviewers and editors must not upload them to public or third-party generative-AI services. AI must not make peer-review recommendations or editorial decisions. Limited administrative or language assistance may be used only when confidentiality and data protection are assured, its use is disclosed when material, and all output is verified by a responsible human.

Journal Operations

Any automated tool used by the journal is documented, tested, monitored for bias and error, and subject to human oversight. Suspected undisclosed or inappropriate use is handled under the publication-ethics policy.