Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions

Version of Record

The journal preserves the published version of record. Changes after publication are made through a dated, citable notice linked bidirectionally with the affected article. Routine production errors that do not affect meaning may be corrected transparently. Authors are not charged for corrections required to maintain an accurate scholarly record.

Corrections

A correction is issued when an error affects interpretation, metadata, attribution, data presentation, or part of the record without invalidating the principal findings. The notice identifies what changed, why, when, and who authorized it.

Expression of Concern

An expression of concern may be issued when serious questions exist but an investigation is incomplete, inconclusive, or delayed. It remains linked to the article until resolved.

Retraction

An article may be retracted when findings are unreliable because of major error or misconduct, the work is redundant, research is unethical, peer review was manipulated, or another serious breach is verified. The original article remains accessible and clearly marked as retracted; the notice states the reason and responsible party while avoiding defamatory language.

Removal

Content is removed only in exceptional legal or safety circumstances. A tombstone page and bibliographic record are retained whenever legally permitted.

Concerns may be reported to editor.bioscmed@gmail.com.