Accreditation
SINTA 2Nationally Accredited Journal
Vol. 6 No. 4 (2022): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Articles
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Relationship between CD-8 Expression to Treatment Response in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patient After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang
Views: 671Downloads: 417Background. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common malignancy in head and neck in Indonesia with 19,943 new cases in 2020 resulting 13,399 deaths. Lymphocytes are cells that play a role in the anti-cancer immune response, especially CD-8 T-cells. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is chemotherapy given before radiotherapy that aims to kill primary tumors and micrometastasis tumors. This study aims to find out the relationship of CD-8 expression to treatment response in NPC undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang.
Methods. This study is an analytical observational research study on a retrospective cohort basis. Data collection from medical records using total sampling in 15 patients pilot study of NPC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and conducted CD-8 examination at ORLHNS polyclinic Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang from December 2018 to December 2019 that met the criteria of inclusion and exclusion.
Results. From 15 samples, the average CD-8 test result before neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 24.54 ng/μL and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 193.56 ng/μL. There was a tendency to increase the average CD-8 from before to after completion of neoadjuvan chemotherapy with a statistically significant difference of p =0.001. ROC analysis found CD-8 cut off points is 23.76 ng/μL with an area below the curve is 0.667. There were no significant relationships between CD-8 to performance status and treatment response with p values of 0.289 and 0.219, respectively.
Conclusions. There was a significant change between CD-8 before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with increased CD-8 tendencies and trends from before to after 6 series neoadjuvant chemotherapy with CD-8 cut off points is 23.76 ng/μL. In this study there has not been a significant relationships between CD-8 to performance status and treatment response in NPC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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The Relationship between Age of Menarche and Body Mass Index (BMI) with Endometriosis Incidence at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Period 2018 – 2020
Views: 735Downloads: 690Background. Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus. This study aims to analyze the relationship between age of menarche and body mass index (BMI) with the incidence of endometriosis.
Methods. This study is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The samples taken in this study were post-operative patients with gynecological disorders at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang. The sample taken in this study was 62 respondents during the period 2018-2020 with a simple random sampling technique based on inclusion criteria. The research data was processed and analyzed by univariate and bivariate with Chi-square test using SPSS application.
Results. Most of the respondents with endometriosis experienced at the age of menarche <12 years (91.3%) and had a non-obese BMI (73.3%). There was a significant relationship between the age of menarche and the endometriosis incidence (p=0.039). There was no statistically significant relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the endometriosis incidence (p=1,043).
Conclusion. Early menarche can increase the risk of endometriosis. The majority of women with endometriosis in this study had a BMI in the non-obese category (BMI <25).
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Characteristics of Endometriosis Patients in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital on 2018 to 2020
Views: 824Downloads: 672Background. Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. The prevalence of endometriosis is not known with certainty because it is necessary to perform a laparoscopy to confirm the diagnosis of endometriosis and is usually found during examination for other indications. This study aims to explore the characteristics of endometriosis patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang.
Methods. This research is descriptive observational research. The research data were obtained from the medical records of endometriosis patients treated at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang from 2018 to 2020.
Results. Of the 105 sample data studied, the most distribution of endometriosis patients was in the reproductive age group (15-49 years) (99%), menarche 12-14 years (67.6%), the location of endometriosis in the ovaries (58.1%), status indoor workers (99%), marital status (85.7%), fertile (43.8%), and infertile patients (41.9%), the chief complaint of dysmenorrhea (66.7%), stage IV disease (63, 8%), nullipara (60%), surgical management (79%).
Conclusion. Most of the characteristics of endometriosis patients were in the reproductive age group (15 – 49 years), menarche 12-14 years, endometriosis location in the ovary, indoor worker status, marital status, infertility, the main complaint of dysmenorrhea, stage IV disease, nullipara, surgical treatment.
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Risk, Causality and Management of Severe Allergic Reactions of RNA Messenger SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: A Mini Review
Views: 692Downloads: 499SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a health problem throughout the world, including Indonesia with high rates of morbidity (more than 3 million confirmed case) and mortality (more than 80 thousand) due to COVID-19 since it was announced as pandemic in March 2020. Vaccination is one of the efforts to eliminate the pandemic, and just recently Food and Drug Monitoring Agency (BPOM) and Indonesian Government have granted approval for emergency use of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines. Allergic reactions after vaccination are rare adverse events, including severe allergic reactions and anaphylaxis. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) in mRNA vaccines is thought to be a hidden allergen that trigger allergies. Screening of individuals with a previous history of allergies is necessary to prevent reaction. Experienced health workers are also needed to provide adequate management in the event of a severe allergic reaction or anaphylaxis after COVID-19 vaccination. Aim of this review is to look at the risk of allergy of mRNA vaccine SARS CoV-2; possible causes of allergies and management of individuals with severe allergies/anaphylaxis.
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Incidence of Hard Tissue Disease on Periapical Radiographic Examination at Prima Oral Dental Hospital Medan Indonesia
Views: 943Downloads: 721Background. Caries is a chronic infection of dental hard tissue. The development of caries is not limited to the tooth area, but caries can progress to the pulp chamber resulting in periapical lesions and abnormalities if not treated. Early detection of oral disease through radiographic examination is important, one of which is through periapical radiography.
Methods. This type of research is descriptive. The sample of this research is periapical radiography of cases of hard tissue disease at Prima Oral Dental Hospital period April – May 2021 as many as 78 photos. Sampling in this study was done by random sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively.
Results. Based on the interpretation of 78 photos periapical radiographs, it was found that the highest number of caries cases at Prima Oral Dental Hospital was superficial caries as much as 48.7%, followed by media caries as much as 43.6% and profunda caries only 7.7%. The mean and standard deviation of superficial caries depth was 3.51±1.348; medium caries 6.88±1.122 and profunda caries 10.00±1.549.
Conclusion. Superficial caries is the most caries case found on periapical radiographic examination at Prima Oral Dental Hospital, while profunda caries is the least caries case.
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Oxygenation and Hemodynamic Changes in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Literature Review
Views: 757Downloads: 587Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem and the main cause of death and disability worldwide. TBI can causing primary and secondary injury. Primary brain injury occurs within a moment after a collision and worsen by acute systemic damage such as hypoxia, bleeding, and neurotoxic pathway activation. Under normal conditions, brain has several mechanisms for regulating pressure and volume to prevent ischemia. The purpose of these mechanisms is to maintain a continuous cerebral blood flow (CBF) and adequate oxygen supply.
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Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Women Related to Hyperemesis Gravidarum at Jagong Health Center, Jagong Jeget District, Central Aceh Regency in 2021
Views: 1,313Downloads: 1,542Background. Continuous hyperemesis gravidarum can cause a lack of food and fluids that can affect fetal development. Lack of food and fluids or dehydration has a bad effect on the unborn child as well as on the mother herself. This study aims to determine the extent of knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women to the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum in the working area of the Jagong Health Center, Jagong Jeget District, Central Aceh Regency in 2021.
Methods. This type of research is descriptive, the sample of this research is pregnant women in the working area of the Jagong Health Center totaling 30 people. Data were collected and measured using a questionnaire.
Results. Mother's knowledge about hyperemesis gravidarum has a good level of knowledge as many as 15 respondents (50%), attitudes of pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum have a level of a positive attitude as much as 28 (80%), while knowledge of pregnant women and attitudes of pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum as much as 15 ( 50%).
Conclusion. It is expected that pregnant women should be able to increase their knowledge and seek more information from health workers and media mass to increase the knowledge of pregnant women about health, especially regarding the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum.
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The Role of Health Officer Related to Adherence to Iron Tablet Supplementation among Pregnant Women in Central Aceh in 2021
Views: 580Downloads: 447Background. Coverage of Fe tablets in Aceh Tengah District is very low, even lower than other districts in Aceh; namely 12.4 percent for Fe 1 and 10.56 percent for Fe3. Failure to distribute these tablets in this district may lead to an increase in the prevalence of anemia. One of the reasons is that the monitoring, recording, and reporting system by health officers in consuming Fe tablets and in routinely checking Hb levels is not good enough. This study aims to analyze the effect of the role of leadership (customers, communicators, motivators, facilitators, and counselors) on the adherence of pregnant women to consuming Fe tablets in the Central Aceh Regency in 2021.
Methods. This type of research is a survey with a cross-sectional approach. The population is all pregnant women in the Aceh Tengah Regency area with a gestational age of more than 20 weeks, or it could be less than 20 weeks, provided that this is the first visit and has made a health visit at the health center. Methods of collecting data by interviewing and checking the health development of pregnant women with Editing, Coding, Entry, and Cleaning. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate.
Results. The results of the multivariate analysis with logistic regression obtained the facilitator variable has the greatest influence on compliance in consuming Fe tablets with a value of OR = 14,166 meaning pregnant women who accept the role of health officers as facilitators will obediently consume Fe tablets as much as 14,166 times when compared to mothers who do not accept the role of health officers as customers.
Conclusion. The low adherence to Fe tablet consumption was due to the fact that the number of Fe tablets given by health officers to pregnant women in Aceh Tengah Regency was not up to the standard, which was 90 tablets. Customers and facilitators have a relationship with the adherence of pregnant women to consuming Fe tablets. The facilitator has the greatest influence on compliance in consuming Fe tablets.
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Correlation Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Passive Smokers: A Review
Views: 993Downloads: 640Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein with an extracellular epidermal growth factor binding domain and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain through signaling pathways to regulate cellular proliferation. Epidermal growth factor receptor binding to its ligand will result in autophosphorylation by intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, thereby triggering multiple signal transduction cascades. Constant or sustained activation of these downstream target sequences is thought to result in a more aggressive tumor phenotype. Mutations in EGFR are associated with non-small cell lung cancer in passive smokers.
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Effects of Artemisia Vulgaris Extract on Apoptotic Index and Caspase-8
Views: 791Downloads: 644Background. Worldwide incidence of breast cancer is still high. Surgical intervention is mainly used as primary treatment with other supplementary modality such as chemoterapy, radioterapy, and immunotherapy such as Artemisia vulgaris (AV). This study was aimed to analyze the increase in apoptotic effect response of adriamycin-cyclophosphamide on C3H mice model of adenocarcinoma breast cancer provided with Artemisia vulgaris extract.
Methods. This research is a post-test only control group design. Twenty four C3H mice were randomly selected and put into 4 groups: K (control group), P1 (Chemoterapy only), P2 (extract only) and P3 (chemoterapy-extract combination). Breast adenocarcinoma was taken from inoculated donor mice. Chemoterapy regiment of 0.18 mg Adriamycin and 1.8 mg Cyclophosphamide were given in 2 cycles. Thirteen miligrams (0.2 mL) of AV extract was given orally once daily. Apoptotic index and Caspase-8 expression were graded with immunohistochemistry stain.
Results. Mean value of p53 and caspase-8 expression in K, P1, P2, P3 groups were 22,06 + 1,73, 37,16 + 1,20, 24,60 + 1,08, 39,78 + 1,19 and 17.16 + 1,28, 26,20 + 1,11, 24.60 + 1,08, 39,78 + 1,19, respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in apoptotic index between group K vs P1, P3 (p = 0,001), P1 vs P2 (p = 0,001), P1 vs P3 (p = 0,035), P2 vs P3 (p = 0,001) and for Caspase-8 between K vs P1, P3 (p = 0,001), K vs P2 (p = 0,048), P1 vs P2 (p = 0,001), P1 vs P3 (p = 0,039), P2 vs P3 (p = 0,001). We found a significant correlation between apoptotic index and Caspase-8 expression. (p = 0,047 and r = 0,883).
Conclusion. Artemisia vulgaris can increase the adriamycin-cyclophosphamide chemoterapy effectiveness on C3H Mice Model of Breast Adenocarcinoma.
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Antibacterial Effectiveness of Rambutan Peel Extract (Nephelium lappaceum L.) in Inhibiting the Growth of Enterococcus Faecalis Bacteria
Views: 1,305Downloads: 4,040Backgrounds. This research is a study that seeks to explore the potential of rambutan extract in inhibiting the growth of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria, where this bacterium is one of the bacteria that is often found in the oral cavity and often causes infections and dental and oral problems.
Methods. This research is an experimental study in vitro. This study aims to determine the diameter of the inhibition zone of rambutan peel extract on Enterococcus faecalis. Rambutan peel extracts were tested at levels of 5%, 7.5% and 10% with NaOCl (Sodium Hypochlorite) 2.5% control, where each test group was tested on 6 culture plates of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria.
Results. The 10% rambutan peel extract group had the highest inhibition zone diameter of 12.4 ± 1.21 mm. Rambutan peel extract 5% - 10% showed a higher inhibition zone diameter than the control NaOCl 2.5%. The results of the effectiveness test of the diameter of the inhibition zone between the test groups. Rambutan peel extracts 5%, 7.5% and 10% showed different levels of inhibition zone diameter compared to 2.5% NaOCl. Rambutan peel extract 5%, 7.5%, and 10% had a higher diameter of the inhibition zone than the 2.5% NaOCl control.
Conclusion. Rambutan peel extract 5%, 7.5% and 10% were more effective in inhibiting the growth of Enterococcus faecalis than control NaOCl.
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The Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Increased Anxiety of Cancer Survivors of Wijayakusuma Group
Views: 549Downloads: 393Background. Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus. The increasing number of COVID-19 cases have caused anxiety problems in several countries. Breast cancer patients already have anxiety about their own disease. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this anxiety might be increased due to the fear of getting infected both in the environment where they live or in the hospital.
Methods. This is a descriptive observative study, on females with history of cancer in the Wijayakusuma group, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java during February – March 2021. Data collected using questionnaire based on Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) that the question was modified for evaluating anxiety about COVID-19 pandemic in breast cancer patients. Data analyzed using SPSS 23rd version
Results. In this study, the breast cancer patient who not anxious were 19.1%, slightly anxious 35.5%, moderate anxious 23.6%, and severe anxious 21.8%. 74,5% patients feel they must wash their hands more often. 60,9% were worried about possibility of contracting COVID-19 of their members, 49,1% afraid of COVID-19, 50,9% were not afraid about COVID-19, 44,5% feel uncomfortable when think about COVID-19, and 40,9% Feel that COVID-19 is life-threatening.
Conclusion. There was increase of anxiety level. There was a behavioral change in patients where patients wash their hands more often due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction (Adynamic Ileus) after Cesarean Section: A Case Series
Views: 822Downloads: 2,415Background. Maternal mortality is still high. The case that we will report below is an example of cases that can be happened in the hospital and can be ended with maternal mortality.
Case presentation. A 30 years old disabled primigravida with ileus post- Caesarean Section day 5 was managed by relaparotomy and partial resection of caecum and ileum due to intestinal perforation, and die on the fifth days after relaparotomy due to sepsis. A-33 years old secundigravida with history of relaparotomy on 4 days after caesarean delivery in the first pregnancy due to ileus, was performed re-caesarean section due to unprogressed labor. Twelve hours after the operation the abdomen becomes distended and can be managed successfully by conservative early diagnosis management. A 29 years old primigravida has performed caesarean section with history of myomectomy 3 years ago. Twenty four hours after Caesarean Section, the abdomen becomes distended and early conservative management was done, but at 72 hours after the operation, there was intestinal perforation and performed colostomy.
Conclusion. Acute colonic pseudoobstructive after caesarean section is a rare case, and delayed diagnosis and management increase the morbidity and mortality.
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The Effectiveness of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) Against Fibroblast Cells in Socket Post Tooth Extraction
Views: 1,082Downloads: 1,023Background. This study is an exploration to assess the potential of turmeric extract in the induction of fibroblast cell proliferation, where fibroblast cells are important cells in the process of repair and healing of wounds (socket wounds after tooth extraction). The antioxidants found in turmeric extract are believed to have potential in the initiation of growth factors which will then initiate the process of fibroblast cell activation, which in turn will play a role in wound healing.
Methods. The research design in this study is an experimental study with a post-test-only approach with a control group design. The research subjects in this study were rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain, male sex, age 8-12 weeks, and body weight between 150-250 grams. A total of 30 white rats were grouped into 5 groups. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS 25 software. First, a univariate analysis was performed to present the mean number of fibroblast cells and the standard deviation. Furthermore, an analysis was carried out to assess the difference in the mean number of fibroblast cells between groups using the one-way ANOVA test.
Results. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences between the test groups. Giving 10% and 15% turmeric extract was seen to be more potent in the initiation of the number of fibroblast cells than the treatment group that received povidone-iodine.
Conclusion. Turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) concentration of 15% was the most effective concentration as an effort to increase the number of fibroblast cells after tooth extraction in Wistar rats.
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The Effect of Giving Probiotic Drinks on Reducing Halitosis
Views: 1,361Downloads: 597Background. Halitosis is a condition in which an unpleasant odor caused by oral microbes comes out of a person's mouth during exhalation, which makes other people feel uncomfortable. Probiotics seek to maintain the homeostasis of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract to suppress the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to evaluate the potential of probiotics against halitosis as assessed by the levels of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs).
Methods. The design of this study is an experimental study with a pre-post test approach. A total of 30 research subjects with criteria aged 20-28 years with complaints of halitosis seek treatment at the dental and oral polyclinic of Siti Hajar Hospital. Research subjects were asked to rinse their mouth with one of the commercial probiotic drinks already circulating in the market, where previously the levels of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) and after rinsing the probiotic drink, the levels of VSCs were measured again. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS version 21 software. A univariate data analysis was carried out to obtain an overview of the distribution of degrees and levels of Volatile, Sulfur Compounds (VSCs) before, and after giving drinks probiotics.
Results. The provision of probiotic drinks is sufficient to provide a significant qualitative change effect where there is a change in the degree of halitosis of the research subjects. After consuming probiotics, there was an improvement in the degree of halitosis of the research subjects, whereas there were no more subjects with severe halitosis.
Conclusion. Consumption of probiotic drinks can reduce the levels of VSCs in the oral cavity, which indicates the ability of probiotics to reduce halitosis.
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Long Covid Incidence and Influencing Factors of Covid-19 Survivors in the Working Area of Lubuk Begalung Health Center, Padang
Views: 850Downloads: 517Background. Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infection caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinical symptoms depending on the clinical severity of the patient which consists of mild, moderate, severe and critical. In COVID-19 patients who recover, pulmonary fibrosis can occur, which can lead to impaired lung function. In addition, there are also long covid complaints such as shortness of breath, nausea, coughing.
Methods. The research design is an observational study. The study was conducted at the Lubuk Begalung Padang Health Center from January 2021 to March 2021. The study population was all mild, moderate to severe COVID-19 patients in the working area of the Lubuk Begalung Padang Health Center and experienced long covid symptoms.
Results. The average age of COVID-19 survivors in this study was 46 years with a higher prevalence of women than men. The results of the pulmonary vap examination of most of the respondents were within normal limits. The most common distribution of clinical severity in this study was mild. The most common symptoms of long covid are weakness and muscle aches.
Conclusion. No correlation was found between the clinical complaints of survivors with the clinical severity and lung function.
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Efficacy of Robusta Coffee Bean Extract (Coffea robusta) Against Bacterial Growth of Staphylococcus aureus
Views: 1,552Downloads: 1,595Background. This research is a study that seeks to explore the potential of robusta coffee bean extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, where this bacterium is one of the bacteria that is often found in the oral cavity and often causes infections and dental and oral problems.
Methods. This research is an experimental study in vitro. Robusta coffee extract was tested at levels of 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125%, where each test group was tested on 6 plates of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS 25 software.
Results. There was a significant difference in the inhibitory power of Robusta coffee extract (Coffea robusta) at concentrations of 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125% on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Significant differences in inhibition were found in group I and II (p=0.002; mean diff = -0.83), group I and III (p=0.000; mean diff = -1.32), group I and IV (p= 0.000; mean diff = -2.12), group II with III (p=0.050; mean diff = -0.48), group II with IV (p=0.000; mean diff = -1.28), and group III with IV (p=0.002; mean diff = -0.80).
Conclusion. Robusta coffee bean extract (Coffea robusta) has antibacterial activity against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
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Penetrating Facial Injury by Motorcycle Gear Shifter Lever: A Case Report
Views: 585Downloads: 519Background: Penetrating facial injury can cause injury to the bone and soft tissue surrounding. Penetrating facial injury caused by organic foreign bodies or metal material increases the risk of infection in the wound. Identification of the location of the entry of foreign bodies, whether the vital organs, the presence of injury to the nerves, vascular, visual, and other muscle damage is very important to do. For that immediate and optimal treatment can be applied to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Case presentation: A 13 years old boy arrived in ER admission with penetrating facial injuries. A corpus alienum penetrated the patient’s face at the medial meatus of the right eye along with bleeding from the nose and around the wound. Evaluation and management of the penetrating facial injury were performed in accordance with the ATLS protocol. The aim of management in penetrating facial injuries is to remove the foreign body with minimal trauma to surrounding structures and to maintain normal function and optimal appearance. The patient underwent emergency surgery the remove corpus alienum and wound exploration under general anesthesia. Postoperative evaluation shows no bleeding or signs of infection, no visual impairment, and tear flow were found.
Conclusion: Penetrating facial injury due to motorcycle gear shifter lever is rare. Good Management of penetrating facial injury will give satisfactory results.
