Accreditation
SINTA 2Nationally Accredited Journal
Vol. 6 No. 15 (2022): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Articles
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Effect of Radon and Lung Cancer Risk: A Narrative Literature Review
Views: 1,004Downloads: 714Exposure to cigarette smoke has been known to be a major risk factor for lung cancer. Although smoking has long been considered the main cause of lung cancer, about 5 to 25% of lung cancer cases occur in non-smokers. Radon is said to be the second most important cause of lung cancer after smoking. Radon-222 is a chemical element in the form of a highly radioactive gas that comes from the decay of the parent radioactive element, uranium, which is found in the earth's crust. Inhaled radon gas can adhere to the mucosal lining of the airways and damage the airway epithelium. The process of ionizing radiation by alpha particles due to the decay of radioactive substances can cause mutations and chromosomal aberrations, severance of DNA double chains, and formation of reactive oxygen species. (ROS) that cause cell cycle changes, up-and down-regulation of cytokines, and increased production of proteins associated with cell cycle regulation and carcinogenesis. Research on radon and lung cancer has not been widely conducted in Indonesia. This literature review aims to describe radon and its effects on lung health.
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Profile of Colorectal Cancer at Sanjiwani General Hospital, Gianyar Period January 2020 – June 2022
Views: 539Downloads: 536Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer death in the UK and the United States. There were 1.8 million new colorectal cancer cases and 881,000 deaths. This study aims to determine the profile of colorectal cancer at Sanjiwani General Hospital for the period January 2020 - June 2022.
Methods: This study is a descriptive study using secondary data from archives at the Anatomical Pathology Installation of the Sanjiwani General Hospital for the period January 2020 – June 2022. Data collection in the form of gender, age, cancer location, and histopathological type was carried out using the convenient purposive sampling method.
Results: This study showed that the highest age group was the age group 61-70 years 32.6%, the sex was mostly male 63.9% with the most common location of colorectal cancer found in the rectum 66.2% and the histopathological type in the form of adenocarcinoma 96.5%.
Conclusion: Most of the cases were found in the male gender, and the age range was 61-70 years. Most cancer locations were found in the rectum with the histopathological type of adenocarcinoma.
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Extensive Actinomycetoma Clinical Manifestations and Histopathology: A Case Report
Views: 1,090Downloads: 813Background: Actinomycetoma is a chronic infection of cutis, subcutaneous, bone, and viscera tissue. It is characterized by sinuses containing masses of causative organisms often referred to as "grains." Actinomycetoma is caused by aerobic bacteria, and they have been misclassified as a fungal species. Diagnosis of actinomycetoma was based on clinical features and confirmation by direct examination. This study aimed to describe the clinical and histopathological features of actinomycetoma.
Case presentation: A 34-year-old woman complained of a mass on her left leg that had increased in number and pain 3 months before admission to the hospital with a history of trauma. Regio pedis sinistra has trias mycetoma, such as edema (swelling), multiple sinuses, and grain with hypertrophic scars. Histopathological with fibro collagenous connective tissue, moderate to dense diffuse PMN inflammatory cells, plasma cells, lymphocytes, hemosiderophages, multinucleated giant cells, epithelioid cells, and microorganisms. In periodic acid Schiff (PAS) there is the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon.
Conclusion: Diagnosis of actynomycetoma was confirmed by the mycetoma triad and the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. Actinomycetoma is more invasive and can cause bone destruction more quickly than eumycetoma.
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Factors Related to Violence Against Children in Families in Kebayakan District, Central Aceh Regency in 2022
Views: 625Downloads: 403Background: There have been 3,087 cases of violence against children, including 852 physical violence, 768 psychological, and 1,848 cases of sexual violence. This figure is quite high. In Central Aceh, in 2019, there were 20 cases of violence against children, while in 2020, there were 22 cases of violence against children consisting of physical, sexual, and psychological violence to child neglect. This study aims to determine the factors associated with violence against children in the family of Kebayakan District, Central Aceh Regency.
Methods: The research design was analytically observational with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 62 subjects participated in this study, where the subjects were mothers with children aged 6-15 years. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate in order to determine the factors that play a role in child abuse.
Results: There is no relationship between family income (p-value = 0.272 (p> 0.05), there is a relationship between the mother's education (p-value = 0.033 (p <0.05), and there is no relationship between mother's psychological state (p-value = 0.465 (p>0.05) with violence against children in the family
Conclusion: A mother’s education is a factor associated with violence against children in the family.
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Determinant Analysis of Early Neonatal Mortality at the Datu Beru Takengon General Hospital, Central Aceh Regency, in 2022
Views: 567Downloads: 383Background: Attention to efforts to reduce neonatal mortality is important because neonatal mortality contributes to 74% of under-five deaths in Aceh. Of all neonatal mortality, 81% occurred in the 0-6 day age group (early neonates). This study aims to determine the analysis of the determinants of early neonatal mortality at the Datu Beru Takengon General Hospital, Central Aceh Regency.
Methods: The research design is an observational case-control approach. 84 case subjects and 84 control subjects were included in this study. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data analysis was performed to determine the determinants of early neonatal mortality, p<0.05.
Results: Asphyxia increases the risk of premature neonatal mortality by 6.8 times. Low birth weight infants increase the risk of early neonatal by 8.4 times. Prematurity increases the risk of early neonatal mortality by 7.1 times. A parity of more than 3 times increases the risk of early neonatal mortality by 8.9 times, and maternal gestational age of fewer than 20 years increases the occurrence of early neonatal mortality by 14.2 times.
Conclusion: Asphyxia, low birth weight, prematurity, parity with risk, and a young mother's gestational age are risk factors that contribute to early neonatal mortality.
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Pulse Dose Corticosteroid Therapy in Vitiligo: A Narrative Literature Review
Views: 1,798Downloads: 1,134Vitiligo is an idiopathic skin depigmentation disorder with clinical symptoms of macules and depigmented patches on the skin. Vitiligo is a multifactorial disorder associated with genetic and non-genetic. There are two types of vitiligo: non-segmental and segmental vitiligo. The type of vitiligo can be determined based on physical examination and affects the disease course, prognosis, and therapy response. Vitiligo management is still a challenge on its own because the etiology is not clear, and many factors must be considered in the vitiligo treatment. Vitiligo management greatly varies depending on the activity and the disease expansion. The goals of vitiligo treatment include stopping disease progression, increasing repigmentation, and preventing recurrence. Vitiligo therapy options vary widely, but none have been effective in treating vitiligo with a high recurrence rate. One of the vitiligo treatment options is systemic corticosteroids given in pulse doses bringing the effect of decreasing the vitiligo progression and minimizing side effects. This literature review aims to determine the use of pulse dose corticosteroid therapy in vitiligo.
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Management of Earlobe Keloid by Triple Combination Therapy (Core Excision, Fillet Flap, and Intralesional Corticosteroids): A Case Report
Views: 861Downloads: 835Background: Keloid is a growing neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of benign fibroblasts. The chest, shoulders, head, especially the ear lobes, neck, arms, and upper back are the areas most commonly affected by keloids. The use of a fillet flap allows dissection of the keloid core and leaves loose skin for wound closure. This study aims to describe the surgical management of keloids in the auricular region using the core excision technique with a keloid fillet flap with a combination of corticosteroid injections.
Case presentation: A 54-year-old man came with the main complaint of a red lump with hard consistency and itching on the right ear. The management of this patient was surgery using the core excision technique with a keloid fillet flap followed by intra-operative intralesional and immediate post-operative corticosteroid injection and then programmed for corticosteroid injection at the next follow-up. Post-operative therapy was given cefixime 2x100mg and oral analgesic mefenamic acid 3x500mg for 5 days.
Conclusion: Keloid surgery is the treatment of choice because it produces good cosmetic results quickly. Routine follow-up and additional therapy are required to prevent a future post-operative recurrence.
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Correlation of LMP-1 Expression with BCL11B in Undifferentiated Type Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Views: 642Downloads: 561Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an endemic malignancy in Asia and in Indonesia with a high incidence and mortality. The high mortality rate of patients with NPC is caused by recurrence and metastases early in the disease process, even though they have been given a combination of standard NPC therapy, namely radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recurrences generally occur after the initial modalities of radiotherapy. Toxicity due to therapy given over a long time can also increase mortality. This study aims to determine the expression of BCL11B in undifferentiated NPC and its correlation with LMP-1 so that it can provide an overview of the nature of CSC in NPC, which is thought to cause recurrence and metastases and provide a poor prognosis in patients with NPC.
Methods: This study was an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional approach using 30 samples from nasopharyngeal biopsy tissue diagnosed with undifferentiated NPC at the anatomical pathology installation of Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia, between 2018-2020. LMP-1 and BCL11B expression was examined using the immunohistochemical method. Data analysis was performed univariate and bivariate with the help of SPSS software.
Results: Statistical analysis using the Spearman correlation test between LMP-1 and BCL11B expression in undifferentiated NPC biopsy tissue showed a significant correlation (p=0.004) with a correlation coefficient of r=-0.511.
Conclusion: The higher the expression of LMP-1, the lower the expression of BCL11B in nasopharyngeal biopsies of patients with undifferentiated.
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Differences in p53 Expression in High-Grade Conventional Osteosarcoma and Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Views: 610Downloads: 490Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary tumor of bone. Generally, patients with osteosarcoma have a poor prognosis. So it is very important to be able to diagnose as early as possible. Histopathologically, osteosarcoma has a variety of types similar to non-malignant lesions, such as giant cell tumor of bone. Therefore, caution is needed in diagnosing because if it is misdiagnosed, it will result in different management. This study aims to look at differences in p53 protein expression in high-grade conventional osteosarcoma and giant cell tumor of bone.
Methods: This observational analytic study used 30 samples from tissue biopsies/surgeries diagnosed with conventional high-grade osteosarcoma and 30 samples of giant cell tumor of bone at the Anatomical Pathology Installation of Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang, Indonesia, between 2018-2022. p53 expression was examined using the immunohistochemical staining method. Positive if stained with brown on the nucleus of the cell, the percentage of 500 malignant cells was calculated in the large field of view of the objective lens (x40) randomly. Univariate and bivariate data analysis was performed using SPSS.
Results: The average p53 protein expression in conventional high-grade osteosarcoma was 80.0% ± 26.2, with the lowest value being 19% and the highest value being 100%. Whereas in giant cell tumor of bone, the average p53 expression was 1.7% ± 4.3, with the lowest value being 0% and the highest value being 17.6%. Statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney test showed that p53 expression in conventional high-grade osteosarcoma and giant cell tumor of bone showed a significant difference (p=0.000).
Conclusion: There is a significant difference between p53 expression in high-grade conventional osteosarcoma and giant cell tumor of bone.
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Antibacterial Potential of Methanol Extract of Red Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) Against Salmonella typhi
Views: 3,298Downloads: 1,122Background: Typhoid fever is a fever caused by an infection of the gastrointestinal tract, where the infection is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. This infection is generally found in environmental conditions with dense populations and poor hygiene levels. Various plants have been used from generation to generation to treat typhoid fever, one of which is red guava leaves. This study aims to further explore the potential of methanol extract of red guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) on the activity of Salmonella thyphi in vitro.
Methods: This study is an in vitro experimental study using Salmonella thyphi culture. The phytochemical screening test was carried out on the methanol extract of red guava leaves. Furthermore, an assessment of the diameter of the inhibition zone between groups was carried out. Univariate and bivariate analyzes were performed to compare between groups.
Results: There was an increase in the diameter of the inhibition zone along with an increase in the dose of methanol extract from red guava leaves. A dose of 100 mg/mL of red guava leaf extract showed a maximum inhibition diameter of 11.85 cm.
Conclusion: Methanol extract of red guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) has the antibacterial activity of Salmonella thyphi along with increasing concentrations.
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The Effect of Giving Fermented Milk Starter Lactococcus lactis D4 Dadih on Obstructive Jaundice: An In Vivo Study
Views: 1,027Downloads: 593Background: Every 1 person out of 3 people with obstructive jaundice will die from complications of obstructive jaundice. The absence of bile salts causes the loss of the protective layer of the intestinal mucosa, which causes an increase in the permeability of the intestinal wall, triggering the process of translocation of various bacteria from the intestinal tract to the blood circulation so that it can trigger septicemia and sepsis. Dadih or commonly known as ampiang dadih is a fermented buffalo milk product. Dadih contains lactic acid bacteria microbiota, which can function as probiotics fermented milk starter Lactococcus lactis D4 dadih to small intestine in obstructive jaundice in vivo.
Methods: This study was an in vivo experimental study using 30 wistar rats, which were divided into 3 test groups. Observation of the condition of the small intestine was carried out histopathologically to assess the inflammatory process and the condition of the intestinal mucosa. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 using univariate and bivariate methods.
Results: Group 3 showed minimal histopathological inflammation compared to the control and was statistically different, p<0.05.
Conclusion: Giving fermented milk starter Lactococcus lactis D4 dadih was able to reduce the inflammatory response and repair the intestinal mucosa in conditions of obstructive jaundice in vivo studies.
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Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors and Outcome with Surgical Approach: A Single Centre Retrospective Study
Views: 773Downloads: 1,156Background: Intradural extramedullary spinal tumor (IDEM) is rare compared to all neoplasms of the central nervous system; however, it is the most common type of primary intraspinal neoplasms. Most tumors are meningioma, schwannoma, and neurofibroma. IDEM tumor has a predilection in women with ages ranging from 40-60 years. This study was conducted to describe the outcome of patients with IDEM tumors after surgery in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital from 2019-2022.
Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in 2019-2022. Forty-four patients diagnosed with IDEM tumors and who underwent surgical approach were included. The studied variables include age, pathological diagnosis, intervention, and postoperative follow-up.
Results: Most subjects were within the age range of 40-60 years old (52.3%), women (63.6%), and had schwannoma (45.5%), followed by meningioma (25%). Based on gender, both men and women mostly had schwannoma (56.25% and 39.3%, respectively). All subjects underwent tumor excision laminectomy. In the follow-up, most subjects (86.4%) had improved clinical symptoms after surgery.
Conclusion: Intradural extramedullary spinal tumors mostly occur in women 40-60 years old, and schwannoma and meningioma are the most frequent types. Laminectomy intervention can provide clinical symptom improvement in most patients.
