Accreditation
SINTA 2Nationally Accredited Journal
Vol. 7 No. 1 (2023): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Articles
-
Profile of Skin Prick Test in Urticaria Patients: 5 Years Retrospective Study at Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic, Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia
Views: 847Downloads: 734Background: Urticaria is a skin disorder due to the release of mast cell mediators, which is characterized by raised skin (urtica) accompanied by itching. Skin prick test (SPT) is a rapid, sensitive test for detecting IgE-mediated allergic disease. This study aimed to determine the profile of SPT in urticaria patients.
Methods: A descriptive observational study involving 67 research subjects retrospectively using medical record data for the period January 2017-June 2022. Univariate data analysis was carried out in this study with the help of SPSS version 25 software.
Results: A total of 67 urticarial patients with positive results on the SPT investigation found that there were more women (71.64%) than men (28.36%), with the most age group being 16-25 years old with 16 patients, followed by 13 patients aged 56-65 years, 12 patients aged 46-55 years, 10 patients aged 36-45 years, 9 years of 26-35 years, 5 patients aged ≥ 65 years and the last age group, namely ≤ 15 years of age in 2 patients. Distribution of urticaria with the most locations in the generalized region, with as many as 20 patients (29.85%), followed by the extremity region with as many as 18 patients (26.87%), the facial region with as many as 17 patients (25.37%) and the least location in the trunk region as many as 12 patients (17.91%). Allergen tests that caused the most were house dust in 21 patients (11.86%), crabs in 18 patients (10.17%), and egg yolk in 11 patients (6.21%).
Conclusion: Skin prick test profile at the dermatology and venereology polyclinic, Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia, for the period January 2017-June 2022, where the results obtained were that there were more women than men, the largest age group was 16-25 years, the most common distribution of urticaria locations was found in the generalized region and the most common allergens caused by house dust.
-
A Rare Case of Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi: A Case Report
Views: 842Downloads: 567Background: Giant congenital melanocytic nevi are often characterised as melanocytic lesions present at birth. It is thought that it affects 1 in 20,000 births. The lesion is significant because it may be associated with serious consequences, such as malignant melanoma, and may also result in neurological deficits, such as neurocutaneous melanocytosis. This study aimed to present the case of giant congenital melanocytic nevus as a rare case.
Case presentation: This study reported a 14-year-old female reported with large blackish rough spots on the trunk that were neither itchy or painful since birth. The patient had no previous history of convulsions, headaches, or vomiting. Plaque hyperpigmentation, macula hyperpigmentation, and hypertrichosis were found on the trunk. Dermoscopy show reveals brown-black homogeneity. Histopathology examination reveals brown-pigmented nevus cells distributed diffusely, with some nevus cells surrounding adnexa skin.
Conclusion: Regular examination is essential to monitor the possibility of neurocutaneous melanosis and malignant melanoma development.
-
The Effectiveness of Antiplatelet Therapy in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Literature Review
Views: 881Downloads: 409Coagulopathy is a feature of severe COVID-19 disease and contributes to an increased risk of thromboembolic complications and death. This literature review aimed to describe the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy in COVID-19 patients. There is an inverse relationship between the likelihood of COVID-19 infection, duration of illness and death, and use of antiplatelets for primary prevention. A study showed that COVID-19 patients who did not receive antiplatelet drugs had three times the risk of dying with antiplatelet drugs. This study shows the strong effect of antiplatelet drugs on reducing the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients. Another study showed that COVID-19 patients who received antiplatelet drugs had 1.18 times the risk of dying than those without antiplatelet drugs. This study shows that antiplatelet therapy does not affect the reduction in mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. In conclusion, the effectiveness of antiplatelet administration in COVID-19 patients is still unclear, so further research is needed.
-
Antibacterial Effectiveness of Jatropha Leaf Extract (Jatropha curcas L.) against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: In Vitro Study
Views: 1,015Downloads: 564Background: Periodontal disease is one of the most common dental and oral health problems. Periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation as well as damage to the periodontal tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva, and the periodontal ligament. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is the dominant bacterium in cases of periodontitis. Jatropha curcas plant is one of the ingredients that has been widely used for traditional medicine in the community, especially for the leaves. This plant is rich in active compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, and saponins, which are effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Jatropha extract (Jatropha curcas L.) as an antibacterial against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in vitro.
Methods: In vitro experimental studies. A total of 28 petri dishes contained bacterial colonies Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were used and divided into 7 test groups, treatment, and control groups. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS program.
Results: Jatropha extract treatment group with a concentration of 35% to 65% had optimal antibacterial abilities as the dose increased. This study also showed that at a concentration of 25%, Jatropha curcas extract did not have the antibacterial ability.
Conclusion: Jatropha curcas extract has an antibacterial effect as the concentration of the extract increases againts Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
-
The Role of Virtual Reality in Cancer Pain Management: A Systematic Literature Review
Views: 1,256Downloads: 931Background: Virtual reality (VR) is a 3D environment-based simulation using computer technology that creates a realistic multi-sensorial experience. VR allows users to simulate real-world scenarios in a safe, attractive virtual space. Immersive VR has been proposed as a non-pharmacologic approach to cancer pain management. This systematic review aimed to explore the role of virtual reality in cancer pain management.
Methods: The current review was conducted and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. This study used PICO consisting of population: adult patients with cancer pain, intervention: virtual reality, comparison: placebo, outcome: reducing cancer pain.
Results: Four studies of moderate to the high quality that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were reviewed in this study. Two studies show VR can reduce stress and anxiety and increase relaxation. Two RCTs demonstrated the effectiveness of VR in reducing cancer pain.
Conclusion: Virtual reality technology can help to reduce cancer pain. In addition to pain severity, other parameters such as fatigue, depression, anxiety, and stress also were decreased. VR also could increase the level of relaxation. Virtual reality's role in reducing pain can have good implications for cancer pain management and increasing patient comfort.
-
Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer: A Narrative Literature Review
Views: 831Downloads: 463Lung cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer in both men and women worldwide. Cancers with low immunogenicity often do not present antigens, so immune responses can be avoided. Uncontrolled growth of tumor cells occurs due to various factors such as activation of immunosuppressive mechanisms, induction of various immunosuppressive cells, and expression of immune checkpoint molecules. The development of lung cancer management has progressed since the discovery of molecular-based target therapy and immunotherapy. The high expression of tumor mutational burden in lung cancer indicates high immunogenicity in lung cancer. Various immunological mechanisms involving programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have been developed for the treatment of lung cancer by utilizing immune system modulation. Nivolumab is the first approved immunotherapy for lung cancer, followed by pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab. The use of immunotherapy involving immune checkpoint inhibitors is an important breakthrough in the management of cancer, including lung cancer. This literature review aimed to describe immunotherapy in lung cancer that focuses on immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1.
-
Comparison of Accuracy Scores between CLOC and RSCLO Scoring Systems in Predicting the Risk of Preoperative Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Conversion at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
Views: 747Downloads: 440Background: Cholecystectomy is a surgical therapy for cholelithiasis which can be performed by open cholecystectomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Not all laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures work properly. Sometimes it requires conversion from laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy. A risk factor scoring system has been developed and validated using a large prospective cholecystectomy database and can accurately predict the likelihood of conversion with the conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy (CLOC) score and risk score for conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy (RSCLO). This study aimed to compare the accuracy value between CLOC and RSCLO in predicting the risk of preoperative laparoscopic cholecystectomy conversion at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
Methods: This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 183 research subjects participated in this study. Observation of CLOC and RSCLO scores was carried out in this study. Univariate and bivariate data analysis was carried out using SPSS. The analysis of the value of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were carried out using Medcalc software.
Results: A CLOC score > 5.5 has a greater conversion risk than a CLOC score ≤ 5.5. Meanwhile, an RSCLO score >-2 has a greater conversion risk than an RSCLO score ≤ -2. Sensitivity value CLOC for the prediction of preoperative conversion from laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy obtained 75% and a specificity of 74.85%, with value negative predictive value, which is higher than a positive predictive value and 74.86% accuracy. The sensitivity value RSCLO for the prediction of preoperative conversion from laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy was obtained at 75% and a specificity of 77.78%. With value negative predictive value, which is higher than the positive predictive value and 74.86% accuracy.
Conclusion: The CLOC and RSCLO scores were equally accurate in predicting preoperative conversion from laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy.
-
The Relationship between Metabolic Control Status and Microalbuminuria in Pediatric Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Views: 548Downloads: 371Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder that can cause many complications. HbA1c measurement can help monitor long-term serum glucose regulation. Microalbuminuria in DM patients is a risk factor for these complications, so evaluation of risk factors for prevention is necessary. This study aimed to determine the relationship between metabolic control status and microalbuminuria in pediatric diabetes mellitus patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia.
Methods: This study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 34 children with DM aged 1-18 years participated in this study. Sampling was carried out using the consecutive sampling method at the pediatric polyclinic of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia, from November 2021-April 2022. Metabolic control status was assessed by measuring HbA1C levels and microalbuminuria by measuring the urine albumin-creatinine ratio. Data analysis used the Chi-square test, with a p-value <0.05.
Results: The average respondent was 13.2 ± 3.3 years old with a duration of suffering from DM 2.5 ± 2 years. Most of the respondents were male (52.9%), suffered from type 1 DM (94.1%), had uncontrolled metabolic control status (82.3%), had a normal creatine albumin ratio (82.4%), never had diabetic ketoacidosis (79.4%), had no family history of DM (85.3%) and had normal blood pressure (94.1%). It is known that the average urea and creatinine are within normal limits. The average HbA1c value is 11.9 ± 3.39%. The median urine creatine albumin ratio was 7.98 (0-255.74) ug/mg. Microalbuminuria in uncontrolled metabolic control status was found in as much as 17.6%, whereas in controlled metabolic control status, no microalbuminuria was found. Statistically, there is no significant relationship (p>0.05).
Conclusion: There is no relationship between metabolic control status and microalbuminuria in pediatric diabetes mellitus patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia.
-
Diagnosis and Treatment of Typical Cold-Induced Urticaria: A Case Reports
Views: 1,010Downloads: 1,511Background: Urticaria is a common disease in society. 15-25% of individuals must have experienced urticaria at least once in their life. Cold urticaria is included in the type of chronic inducible urticaria and is a type of urticaria that accounts for 3% of cases of all types of chronic urticaria that occur. The age group that most suffers from urticaria is the age 12-25 years. This study was aimed at presenting the diagnosis and treatment of cold urticaria.
Case presentation: A 29-year-old woman came with complaints of itching and redness on the hands, feet, and neck, starting with a small round reddish rash that widened and the center was paler than the edges, then disappeared within 1-2 hours, there is no a history of infectious or autoimmune diseases but has a family history of the same complaint. Examination of the ice cube test obtained positive results after 7 minutes of contact with ice cubes. Patients were given therapy in the form of cetirizine 10 mg per day for 2 weeks, which was then increased by a dose of 20 mg with a combination of cetirizine 10 mg in the morning and loratadine 10 mg at night.
Conclusion: Exploration of precipitating factors through detailed anamnesis and supporting examinations with a cold stimulation test can establish a diagnosis of typical cold-induced urticaria.
-
The Effect of Intravenous Essential Amino Acid Supplementation on Recovery of Kidney Function in Acute Kidney Injury Patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
Views: 940Downloads: 1,906Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical condition characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function that causes homeostatic failure in regulating fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance within hours to days. Nutritional supplementation is effective in replacing lost protein and as an energy reserve. This study aimed to determine the effect of intravenous essential amino acid supplementation on the recovery of kidney function in acute kidney injury patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.
Methods: This study is an open clinical trial of experimental research. A total of 34 research subjects participated in this study, where the subjects were grouped into treatment (IV amino acid supplementation) and placebo groups. Data analysis was carried out using STATA in univariate and bivariate.
Results: Administration of amino acid supplements can reduce creatinine by 1.36. Meanwhile, the placebo was unable to reduce creatinine levels and even caused an increase in creatinine by 0.26.
Conclusion: Intravenous administration of essential amino acid supplements has an effect on the recovery of kidney function in acute kidney injury patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.
-
The Effectiveness of Garlic Extract (Allium sativum) against Decreased Serum Levels Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital
Views: 1,160Downloads: 1,031Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a pathophysiological process with various etiologies resulting in a progressive decline in kidney function and generally ends in kidney failure. During hemodialysis, inflammation and activation of TNF-α and other proinflammatory cytokines occur. This inflammatory condition causes a decrease in the effectiveness of HD in reducing the mortality of patients with CKD. Garlic has the potential as an anti-inflammatory agent due to its high antioxidant content in garlic. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of garlic extract (Allium sativum) on decreasing serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in chronic hemodialysis patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.
Methods: This study is an experimental study with a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial crossover design. A total of 40 research subjects participated in this study which was grouped into treatment (garlic extract) and placebo groups. TNF-α levels were measured using the ELISA method. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS univariate and bivariate.
Results: The results of the study showed that the administration of garlic extract was able to reduce TNF-α levels by 12.5 pg/mL, p<0.05. In contrast, in the placebo group, there was an increase in TNF-α levels of 8.3 pg/mL, p<0.05.
Conclusion: Garlic extract (Allium sativum) is effective in reducing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) serum levels in chronic hemodialysis patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.
-
The Relationship between Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Hepatitis C Virus RNA in Hepatitis C Coinfected HIV Patients Receiving Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
Views: 771Downloads: 637Background: Hepatitis C is an inflammatory disease of the liver caused by infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Inflammatory markers are significant in assessing the course of an infectious or inflammatory disease. One of them is the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the amount of HCV RNA viral load, which combines neutrophils as an active inflammatory component and lymphocytes as a regulatory and protective component in a single parameter. Research on the relationship between NLR and HCV RNA in HIV patients coinfected with HCV is still limited. This study aimed to determine the relationship between NLR and HCV RNA in HIV-HCV coinfected patients who received DAA therapy and went to the outpatient polyclinic at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.
Methods: Analytic observational study. A total of 38 research subjects participated in this study. Observation of NLR was carried out using hematology analyzer, and observation of HCV RNA levels was carried out using the PCR technique. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS univariate and bivariate.
Results: There was a difference between pre-post therapy NLR and pre-post therapy HCV RNA viral load, p<0.05. NLR is in line with HCV RNA viral load as a prognostic tool for successful DAA therapy in HIV patients coinfected with hepatitis C.
Conclusion: There is a relationship between HIV and HCV RNA in hepatitis C coinfected HIV patients receiving direct-acting antiviral therapy at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.
-
Overview of Microorganism Patterns Causing Pathological Fluor Albus at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
Views: 1,975Downloads: 935Background: Fluor albus, also known as leucorrhoea, vaginal discharge, or leukorrhea, is the name given to fluids that are secreted from the genitals that are not blood. Pathological fluor albus can be caused by an infection in the lower genitalia or in areas that are more proximal. This study aimed to determine the pattern of microorganisms that cause pathological fluor albus at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.
Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study and used primary data from a direct examination of research subjects at the obstetrics and gynecology polyclinic of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia. A total of 63 research subjects participated in this study. Analysis of microorganism patterns was carried out univariately using SPSS software.
Results: The majority of microorganisms that cause pathological fluor albus are Gardnerella vaginalis. Meanwhile, in non-pathological conditions of fluor albus, the majority of causative microorganisms are E. coli.
Conclusion: Gardnerella vaginalis is the most common causative microorganism of pathological fluor albus disorders at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.
-
Update Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia: A Narrative Literature Review
Views: 1,164Downloads: 831One of the most frequent and significant complicated side effects of myelosuppressive drugs is neutropenia. Neutropenia is not only associated with high morbidity but also mortality. Generally, the onset of neutropenia occurs within 3-7 days after the administration of anticancer agents. Approximately 5-30% of patients will develop febrile neutropenia. The highest incidence occurs during the first cycle of chemotherapy. This literature review aimed to describe chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and its prevention and management. Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as prophylaxis can prevent neutropenia-induced anticancer drugs. The use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as therapeutic is contradictive, and some guidelines recommend not to use the G-CSF for therapeutic purposes. Up to 70% of mortality among these populations was associated with gram-negative sepsis, therefor empirical antibiotics, and antifungals are the keys to the management of neutropenia. In conclusion, prevention and appropriate management of neutropenia are extremely important in the treatment of patients with cancer.
