Topical Allium cepa Ethanol Extract Restores SOD and VEGF Without Increasing Hair Length in UV-B-Exposed Wistar Rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v10i7.1629Keywords:
Allium cepa, Hair photoaging, Superoxide dismutase, Ultraviolet B, Vascular endothelial growth factorAbstract
Background: Ultraviolet B (UV-B) accelerates hair photoaging by depleting cutaneous superoxide dismutase (SOD) and dysregulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Red onion (Allium cepa) is rich in flavonoids and organosulfur precursors of hydrogen sulphide that may enhance both antioxidant defenses and pro-angiogenic signaling. This study evaluated topical Allium cepa ethanol extract on cutaneous SOD, VEGF, and hair length in UV-B-exposed Wistar rats.
Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats (3–4 months, 180–200 g) were randomly allocated to five groups (n=4): normal control without UV-B (KN), placebo with UV-B and base preparation (K-), and three groups receiving topical Allium cepa ethanol extract at 1% (P1), 2% (P2), and 4% (P3). UV-B was administered at 65 mJ/cm² thrice weekly for 21 days. SOD and VEGF were measured by ELISA; hair length by digital calipers. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc tests.
Results: UV-B reduced SOD by 77.2% and VEGF by 61.7% versus normal. Topical Allium cepa restored both dose-dependently: SOD reached 13.85±0.27 U/mL and VEGF reached 43.00±1.13 ng/L at 4%, with 4% VEGF exceeding normal by 33% (p<0.001). The 2% concentration restored VEGF to physiological levels (p=0.493). Hair length did not differ across groups (p=0.394). The cross-group SOD–VEGF correlation was strongly positive (Pearson r=0.804).
Conclusion: Topical Allium cepa ethanol extract is a potent dose-dependent enhancer of cutaneous SOD and VEGF in UV-B-exposed rats. The dissociation between robust biochemical recovery and the unchanged hair-length endpoint supports Allium cepa as an antioxidant and pro-angiogenic adjunct for hair photoaging warranting extended-duration translational studies.
Authors
- Ajeng Hana Anjani Djajaatmadja1*
- I Made Winarsa Ruma2
- Ida Ayu Dewi Wiryanthini2
- Agung Nova Mahendra3
- Bagus Komang Satriyasa3
- I Wayan Sugiritama4
- 1Master of Biomedical Sciences Program in Anti-Aging Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
- 3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
- 4Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
Corresponding author Ajeng Hana Anjani Djajaatmadja — Hanna.djajaatmadja@gmail.com
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