Accreditation
SINTA 2Nationally Accredited Journal
Vol. 5 No. 6 (2021): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Articles
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Relationship of Serum Tau Levels with Cognitive Functions and Factors Affecting The Cognitive Function Decrease in Parkinson's Disease Patients
Views: 1,444Downloads: 535Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) which occurs as the disease progresses and affects quality of life. Many efforts have been developed in early detection of cognitive disorders, one of which is the examination of tau protein biomarkers, where the tau protein that undergoes pathological changes to form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) is found in Alzheimer's disease and PD and plays a role in cognitive impairment. However, the role of tau in PD is still controversial. This study aims to assess the relationship between serum tau levels and cognitive function and the factors that affect cognitive function in PD patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional design was conducted at the RSUP DR. M Djamil Padang. During the period March to August 2020, 62 research subjects were obtained. Cognitive function examination was carried out by using the MoCA-Ina test and examination of serum tau levels using the Elisa method. The relationship between categorical variables was tested by Chi square and differences in serum tau levels in the group with and without cognitive impairment were tested with the Mann Whitney test, considered statistically significant if the p value <0.05.
Results: With Moca Ina examination, it was found that 67.7% of patients had impaired cognitive function. The mean serum tau level was 198.004 ± 162.69 ng / L.
There was a significant relationship between education level and degree of disease with cognitive function (p <0.05) and there was no difference in mean serum tau levels between groups with and without cognitive impairment.Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between education level and degree of disease with cognitive function and there is no difference in mean serum tau protein levels between the cognitive impaired group and the cognitive normal group.
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Diagnostic Value of CT Angiography (CTA) in Carotid Cavernous Fistula (CCF) Patients Using the Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) as The Gold Standard: Observation in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya from January 2016 to July 2020
Views: 1,878Downloads: 1,780Background: CT angiography (CTA) is the initial modality for diagnosing the Carotid Cavernous Fistula (CCF), identifying the type of CCF, measuring the diameter of the fistula and the diameter of the internal carotid artery (ICA) pre and post fistula, and then confirmed by Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) as the gold standard. CTA is expected to provide more information to improve the accuracy of CCF diagnosis to benefit therapy and prevent complications. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of CTA in CCF patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, using the DSA as a gold standard.
Methods: An observational retrospective study of CCF patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and underwent CTA and DSA examinations at the Radiology Installation of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, from January 2016 to July 2020.
Results: In the comparison of types of CCF CTA to DSA, the direct group was 53.8% and 57.7%, respectively, while the indirect group was 46.1% and 42.3% with a very strong correlation (κ = 0.922; p = 0.000), sensitivity was 93.3%, specificity was 100 %, PPV of 100%, NPV of 91.7% and accuracy of 96.15%. Direct type evaluation on the DSA showed a large picture of the fistula diameter; the ICA pre fistula's size was enlarged; therefore, the ICA post fistula diameter was reduced or absent. There was a strong correlation of fistula diameter measurement results between CTA and DSA (r = 0.695, p = 0.006).
Conclusion: CTA has a similarity rate of 92.2% with DSA in identifying the type of CCF. The accuracy value of CTA is close to DSA in fistula diameter measurements.
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Efficacy of Calcipotriol 0.005% Ointment for Uremic Xerosis with Pruritus in Chronic Kidney Diseases Undergoing Hemodialysis Patients: Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial
Views: 1,830Downloads: 711Introduction: Uremic xerosis with pruritus (UXP) is a chronic cutaneous complication among patients undergoing maintenance renal dialysis. Uremic xerosis level is directly related with pruritus severity or vice versa. Uremic xerosis with pruritus may lead to discomfort and negative psychological effect. The ethiopathogenesis still unknown, Most of treatments are empirical, and there is no effective and safe therapy. Emollient has not been effective enough to improve quality of life. There is some report about efficacy of topical vitamin D in xerosis and chronic pruritus.
Objective: We evaluate the efficacy of calcipotriol 0.005% ointment for uremic xerosis and uremic pruritus in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Material & methode: Sixty two patients with UXP were enrolled, randomized double blind study. Patients were divided to two group, calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group or placebo. In baseline, patients were instructed to apply twice daily for four weeks. We assesesment the efficacy and safety of calcipotriol 0.005% ointment and placebo after 2nd and 4th weeks treatment using overall dry skin score (ODSS), visual analog scale (VAS), corneometer and sebumeter. We also assessed adverse effect and tolerance this drugs using visual assessment scale.
Results: Overall dry skin score (ODSS) and visual analog scale (VAS) significantly decreased in calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group than in placebo group (p <0.05). Skin hydration level based on Corneometer score and skin surface lipid based on Sebumeter score was significantly increased in calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group than in placebo group (p <0.05). Cure rate and clinical improvement for calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group was significantly higher than placebo group. There was no adverse effect between two groups after treatment.
Conclusion: calcipotriol 0.005% ointment is effective than placebo and can be used as alternative or adjuctive treatment and safe and tolerance for UXP.
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Euthanasia Procedure of Animal Model in Biomedical Research
Views: 2,513Downloads: 3,153Regardless of the method, it is essential to induce unconsciousness as rapidly as possible if euthanasia is to be aesthetically and scientifically successful. Criteria that have been considered in recommending the methods of euthanasia include: time required to produce unconsciousness, time required to produce death, purposes, research results and compliance with the AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia. There are special considerations for euthanizing rodent embryos, fetuses and neonates.
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Role of Androgen on Physiological Function of Pilosebaceous Unit
Views: 1,923Downloads: 4,615The pilosebaceous unit is a sebaceous gland with hair follicles. One of the hormones that affects the pilosebaceous unit is androgen, a steroid hormone that plays an important role in the expression of the phenotype of men and women. Androgen consist of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone which are activated by androgen receptors. Androgen in the pilosebaceous unit affect sebum production and hair growth. Androgen receptors in the sebaceous glands are found on sebocytes and in hair follicles in the dermal papillae of hair follicles
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Pain in Gynecological Cancer
Views: 1,256Downloads: 480The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as “unpleasant sensory and emotional experiences associated with actual or potential tissue damage.” Pain is common among patients with cancer, with the prevalence of pain being 66.4% in advanced metastatic disease or terminal, 55% during anticancer treatment, 39.3% after curative treatment, and moderate to severe pain were reported in 38.0% of all patients. Pain is one of the most common and dreaded symptoms in cancer sufferers, but the exact number of cancer patients who experience pain is difficult to determine. There are a wide variety of studies in defining pain and the tools they use to measure the complexity of this symptom. Good or complete pain control can be achieved in 80-90% of cancer patients. Nevertheless, despite major advances in pain control, cancer-related pain continues to be a major public health problem globally.
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Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Leukorrhea
Views: 6,992Downloads: 23,941The most frequently reported complaints in the urogenital organ system is leukorrhea, also known as fluor albus. Leukorrhea is a discharge secreted from the genital organs, mostly occur in female. Leukorrhea has a significant incidence rate and varies according to many factors such as hormone and infection. Leukorrhea can be physiological in female, but when excess discharge is accompanied by other characteristics, the leukorrhea is considered pathological. This genital discharge also occurs in male for pathological reasons, mainly caused by infection. Several pathogenic infections, whether transmitted through secual contact or not, are the etiology of complaints of leukorrhea. Some specific pathogens will cause different symptoms in the two sex groups. To make a diagnosis, it is important for the examiner to carry out a detailed and coherent history, especially regarding sexual contact and a history of risky sexual behavior. Although some infections are asymptomatic, complications may occur if infections are not treated properly as early as possible. The management of leukorrhea is based on an examination and treatment algorithm with syndromic approach.
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Profile of Breast Cancer Patients at Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Period March 2016 - March 2018
Views: 1,145Downloads: 443Introduction: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease caused by the interaction of genetic factors and environmental risk factors that lead to the accumulation of progressive genetic and epigenetic changes in breast cancer cells. The incidence of breast cancer in Indonesia is 11% of all cancer incidents. There are many factors that are thought to have an influence on the occurrence of breast cancer, including age, immunohistochemistry, and variable levels of first breast carcinoma at old age.
Methods: A descriptive retrospective study by taking medical record data about breast cancer at the Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta. at the Installation of Medical Records at the General Hospital DR. Moewardi Period February 2016 - February 2018.
Results: According to the age group of 50 years, 162 patients (54%) and above who had a high risk and under 50 years group were 138 patients (46%). From the results of the study, breast cancer patients with grade 3 were found to be the most with 155 cases (51.67%). Hormonal receptor detection in breast cancer patients showed a high incidence of HER-2-negative patients as many as 172 patients (57.33%). The rest showed positive HER-2 results as many as 128 patients (42.67%). There was a high incidence of negative HER-2 as many as 172 patients (57.33%). The rest showed positive HER-2 results as many as 128 patients (42.67%). Positive HER-2 subtypes (ER-, PR-, HER2 +) were the most common cases, namely 128 cases (42.67%). The magnitude of the correlation (Phi and Cramer) produces the same number, while the contingency coefficient produces a smaller number.
Conclusion: There is almost no relationship or there is a very weak relationship between age, immunohistochemistry, and variable rates of breast carcinoma, variable rates of breast carcinoma at the occurrence of metastases.
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Profile of Patients with Gaster Perforation at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta in The Period of January-December 2018
Views: 1,207Downloads: 434Introduction: A gastric perforation is a form of hollow digestive organ perforation in which the entire thickness of the stomach wall is injured. Perforation of hollow organs can be suspected based upon the clinical picture, and the diagnosis becomes obvious through an image of free air on imaging performed.
Methods: Data of patient characteristics were observed retrospectively from medical records of patients diagnosed with gastric perforation between January and December 2018.
Results: Between January and December 2018, 45 patients with gastric perforation were identified, with data distributed by gender. There were 36 women (80%) and 9 men (20%) in the group. Based on the age group, 32 patients (71%) were distinguished by the age group over 40 years and 13 patients (29 %) under 40 years of age. When viewed from the location of the gastric perforations, it was found that 4 patients (9%) had a perforation in the antrum, 36 patients (80%) in the Prepylorus, and 5 patients (11.2%) in the major curvature. Data on analgesic use revealed 32 patients (71%) had a history of taking analgesics and 13 patients (29%) without a history of taking analgesics.
Conclusion: In 2018, the majority of gastric perforation patients at Dr. Moewardi Hospital were female (80%), with the highest age group being over 40 years (71%) and the most gastric perforations occurring in the pylori (80%). The number of patients with gastric perforation who had previously used herbs and analgesics was higher (70%) than those who had not. Thus, the results of this retrospective study are consistent with previous research findings and can be used to continue research into the relationships (correlations) between the aforementioned variables.
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Contamination of Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) Eggs in Raw Vegetables at Street Food Stalls and Restaurant in Lorok Pakjo Village, Palembang
Views: 1,342Downloads: 1,645Background: Infection Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) is a disease that is a problem in the world, especially in areas with a tropical climate like Indonesia. This infection can be transmitted through consumption of raw vegetables contaminated with STH. This study aims to determine whether there is contamination of STH eggs in raw vegetables at street food stalls and restaurants in Lorok Pakjo Village, Palembang.
Methods: This research is a descriptive observational study. Samples in the form of fresh vegetables were collected from 18 street stalls and 14 restaurants in Lorok Pakjo Village, Palembang. Samples were examined using the sedimentation method and observed using a microscope.
Results: The results obtained 80 samples consisting of 30 cabbage, 18 basil, 30 cucumber, 1 lettuce, and 1 eggplant. Of the 80 samples, there were 20 (25%) positive samples contaminated with STH eggs consisting of 8 (10%) cabbage samples, 8 (10%) basil samples, 4 (5%) cucumber samples, and no STH contamination was found in lettuce. and eggplant. Of the 20 positive samples of STH contamination, 12 samples came from street vendors consisting of 5 (10.6%) cabbage samples, 6 (12.8%) basil samples, and 1 (2.1%) cucumber samples. While the other 8 samples came from restaurants consisting of 3 (9.1%) cabbage samples, 2 (6%) basil samples, and 3 (9.1%) cucumber samples. Found only eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides infertile decorticate in all samples consisting of 9 eggs on cabbage, 16 eggs on basil, and five eggs on cucumber.
Conclusion: There is contamination of eggs Soil Transmitted Helminths in raw vegetables in street food stalls and restaurants in Lorok Pakjo Village, Palembang.
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Cardiac Septal Defects in Children: Hemodynamics, Clinical Manifestations and Detection
Views: 1,649Downloads: 1,927Cardiac septal defect in children is one of the congenital heart defects characterized by atrial septal defects (ASD), ventricular septal defects (VSD) and defects in both atrial and ventricular septum (AVSD). The hemodynamic changes that occur are caused by a left to the right shunt. Differences in location, size of the defect and pulmonary vascular resistance make hemodynamic differences and clinical manifestations between the three types of cardiac septal defects. Detection of cardiac septal defects can be done by clinical examination by listening to the characteristic heart sounds and murmurs for each defect. However, clinical examination alone is often still difficult to determine the type of cardiac septal defect so that several supporting examinations such as photothorax, ECG, echocardiogram and cardiac catheterization need to be done to help establish the diagnosis.
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Profile of Open Cholecystectomy at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta January 2016 – December 2017 (Retrospective Study)
Views: 902Downloads: 420Background. Cholelithiasis is a disease found in the general population throughout the world, and is influenced by several factors such as gender, age, and Body Mass Index. Gallstone disease is a common indication for surgery. The surgical procedure can be done in 2 ways, with an open cholecystectomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Methods. This study was conducted on patients who were treated at the Regional General Hospital dr. Moewardi Surakarta from January 2016 to December 2017 with retrospective sampling. The patient's age, gender, weight, height, and length of stay were taken based on the data listed in the patient's medical record.
Results. A total of 96 patients, consisting of 61 (63.54%) women and 35 (36.46%) men who met the criteria for inclusion in this study. The age of the patients ranged from 31 to 86 years with a mean of 52.16 years. According to the age category, namely <40 years and 40 years, there were 14 (14.58%) and 82 (85.42%) people from all respondents, respectively. Only 26 (27.1%) obese patients were found in this study. The mean length of post-operative hospitalization was 6.69 ± 3.47 days.
Conclusion. Gender and length of post-operative hospitalization in this study have characteristics that are in accordance with several previous studies.
