Accreditation
SINTA 2Nationally Accredited Journal
Vol. 6 No. 6 (2022): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Articles
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Human Papillomavirus High-risk Type Infection on Perianal Giant Condyloma Acuminatum
Views: 1,065Downloads: 2,556Background: Giant condyloma acuminatum (GCA) is a large form of condyloma acuminatum that become locally invasive, destructive, but non-metastasizing, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Giant condyloma is a rare disease, with only 0.1% incidence in the general population. Most commonly caused by HPV type 6 and 11 infections, in this case, reported HPV high-risk type.
Case presentation: A 20-years-old man, the main complaint is enlarging, easy bleeding perianal tumor with pruritus and constipation for 2 months. Physical examination found skin-colored, verrucous surface. Some have smooth surface, cauliflower-like tumor on perianal region, size 7x4x2cm. Syphilis and HIV Serology laboratory tests are non-reactive. Koilocytes appear on histopathologic examination. High-risk HPV type detected on HPV genotyping. This patient was diagnosed as GCA. Topical agent 25% podophyllin tincture applied to the lesions once a week. Improvement appears after eighth-time therapy.
Discussion: High-risk type HPV infection, detected in the patient, have an important role in GCA development. Decreased immune system and other risk factors also have a role in GCA.
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Left Ventricular Thrombus in Old Myocardial Infarction
Views: 725Downloads: 961Background. Left ventricular thrombus is a major risk factor for systemic thromboembolism, a complication of acute and chronic myocardial infarction. The high incidence of left ventricular thrombus in untreated acute myocardial infarction patients can be described in the pre-thrombolytic era. Left ventricular thrombus occurred in 7-46% of cases, especially in anterior or apical myocardial infarction.
Case presentation. A 57-year-old man is reported with complaints of shortness of breath and a history of chest pain typical of angina, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. On electrocardiographic examination, infrequent premature ventricular contraction and anterior extensive old myocardial infarction were found. Transthoracic echocardiography examination revealed protuberant thrombi at the apex of the left ventricle with a size of 14 x 15 mm, left ventricular ejection fraction of 20%, and akinetic at extensive anterior, anterior, anterolateral, broad apical, inferoseptal, and inferior segments.
Conclusion. Untreated acute myocardial infarction has a high risk of developing left ventricular thrombus. Intravenous unfractional heparin and VKA in left ventricular thrombus patients with an increased risk of embolism respond well.
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Pseudophakic Retinal Detachment: A Narrative Review
Views: 762Downloads: 2,204Cataract surgery causes changes in intraocular conditions that are a risk factor for retinal detachment. One of the conditions that can occur during cataract surgery is posterior capsule rupture which can increase the risk of pseudophakic retinal detachment (PRD). PRD examination is often obstructed by opacification of the posterior capsule, a reflection of the intraocular lens (IOL), or poor mydriasis. Scleral buckle, pneumatic retinopexy, and primary pars plana vitrectomy, with or without a combination of the scleral buckle, are surgical techniques used in the management of PRD patients. Anatomical and functional postoperative success rates in PRD patients were found to be higher after primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with or without a scleral buckle. This literature review aims to discuss the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and management of PRD.
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Clinical Profile of Proptosis in Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang
Views: 718Downloads: 1,706Background. Proptosis is a condition that describes a protrusion or forward shift of the eyeball and is commonly used to describe the condition of protrusion of the eyeball. Proptosis generally occurs due to a mismatch between the orbital capacity and the volume of the tissue structure in the orbital cavity. It is a common manifestation of a wide variety of diseases of the structures in and around the orbit and in some systemic diseases. This study aimed to describe the clinical profile of proptosis patients in Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang.
Methods. We reviewed the medical record of the oncology subdivision of ophthalmology patients associated with proptosis retrospectively, such as inflammatory, infectious, tumors, and vascular, admitted to the M.Djamil General Hospital in Padang from January 2019 to August 2020. The ocular and systemic history and examination details were recorded.
Results. We found 48 proptosis patients from January 2019 to August 2020, consisting of 30(62.5%) males and 18(37,5%) females. The majority of subjects were in the Adult age group (79,17%). Unilateral and bilateral proptosis were found in 37(77%) and 11(23%), with mostly axial proptosis (83,33%). Inflammatory tumors were found in 17(35,41) and 29(60%) patients.
Conclusion. Proptosis is a common clinical feature of various local and systemic diseases. Even though proptosis have diverse etiology and pathogenesis, they usually present with similar clinical manifestation. Proptosis may be one of the most important keys to disease guidance from a close structure that requires a multidisciplinary approach.
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Evisceration Versus Enucleation in Ocular Globe Injury
Views: 1,077Downloads: 2,409Evisceration and enucleation have been acceptable therapeutic modalities to treat not only severe ocular trauma but also various ocular conditions, such as intraocular tumors, endophthalmitis, and blind-painful-cosmetically disfiguring eyes, over the last two centuries. Clinical indications and choices of procedure, whether enucleation or evisceration, vary among institutions, surgeon experience, and severity of structure loss. In the past, enucleation has been preferred by most surgeons for various reasons, including the fear of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) after evisceration. Despite the possibility of causing SO, anophthalmic socket also has complications, including superior sulcus defect, conjunctival surface changes, implant exposure, fornix/socket contraction, and eyelid malposition. This literature review will discuss indication, technique, and decision with regard to enucleation or evisceration after ocular trauma.
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Heart Failure Due to Mitral Stenosis Complicated Atrial Fibrillation in Pregnancy
Views: 578Downloads: 2,496Background. This case report aims to discuss the management of heart failure due to mitral stenosis with complications of atrial fibrillation in pregnancy.
Case presentations. A 35-year-old pregnant woman came to the ER M. Djamil Hospital with complaints of shortness of breath 3 days before being admitted to the hospital. Complaints of shortness of breath accompanied by palpitations felt fast and irregular, appeared suddenly when the patient was resting, and lasted continuously. Physical examination showed a pulse rate of 120-130x/minute, increased jugular venous pressure, and palpable cardiac ictus 1 finger lateral to the left midclavicular at the V intercostal space. ECG examination revealed atrial fibrillation- rapid ventricular response (AF RVR). The patient was diagnosed with atrial fibrillation- rapid ventricular response et causa suspect mitral stenosis NYHA Fc III, et causa rheumatic heart disease.
Conclusion. The management of atrial fibrillation rapid ventricular response in this patient was done by giving digoxin 0.25 mg orally. Patients are given anticoagulants to prevent thromboembolic complications. This patient was advised to undergo valve replacement surgery considering the degree of stenosis, complications, and a thorough assessment.
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Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Children with COVID-19 Confirmed
Views: 591Downloads: 612Background. The most common symptom of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is respiratory symptoms. However, neurological symptoms in adult patients are increasingly being reported. In children, neurological symptoms of COVID-19 are still underreported. This case report was aimed to describe intraventricular hemorrhage in a child with Covid-19 infection.
Case presentation. We report a case of a 15-year-old girl with intraventricular bleeding, which is one of the COVID-19 infection symptoms or a possible symptom of a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Laboratory tests on the first day of treatment showed an increase in leukocytes and decreased lymphocytes. On the 6th day of treatment, the patient had worsening symptoms of consciousness and high fever. The results of laboratory examination showed a decrease in kidney function and an increase in D-dimer.
Conclusion. Severe clinical manifestations of COVID-19 can be in the form of neurological manifestations, one of which is intraventricular hemorrhage.
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Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Gut Biota and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Related to the Severity of Systemic Lupus Erithematosus (SLE) at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang
Views: 1,069Downloads: 697Background. SLE is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies in the nucleus, deposition of immune complexes, and can attack various body tissues. Gut biota in this case short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) play a role in the inflammatory process in the SLE, while the levels of IL- 6 can also be associated with a response to inflammation which will be seen in the degree of SLE activity. This study aims to determine the correlation of SCFA Gut biota and IL - 6 with SLE degree activity.
Methods. This study is a cross-sectional study with a correlation test design, conducted from November 2021-January 2022 at RSMH Palembang with the research subjects being all SLE patients seeking treatment at the Allergy-Immunology Division of RSMH Palembang with categories of mild and moderate-severe SLE activity degree. Examination of SCFA Gut biota using stool samples and serum IL-6 levels were associated with SLE activity degree. Statistical analysis of the correlation test with Spearman for numerical data not normally distributed, and continued with linear regression test to assess the multivariate analysis in this study.
Results. The sample consisted of 32 patients, every 16 patients with mild and moderate-severe SLE activity degrees. The correlation between SCFA Gut biota with SLE activity degree was found to have a correlation coefficient of r=-0.777 with p=0.000. Correlation between IL-6 with SLE activity degree obtained a correlation coefficient of r=0.910 with p=0.000, while the correlation test between IL-6 and SCFA Gut biota obtained r=-0.633 with a value of p=0.000. Multivariate analysis found that 70.5% of SCFA Gut biota and IL-6 affected SLE activity degree.
Conclusion. SCFA Gut biota and IL-6 had a significant correlation in statistical tests with the SLE activity degree.
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Early Clinical Outcome of Limb Salvage Surgery of Osteosarcoma in the Lower Extremity Using Liquid Nitrogen
Views: 754Downloads: 1,156Background. Osteosarcoma in the lower extremity has become a challenge for orthopedic surgeons to manage because surgeons need to preserve the affected joint's functions and retain stability as physiologic as possible. Thus, limb salvage surgery may be the treatment of choice. One of the techniques using liquid nitrogen provides better functionality and efficacy in preventing recurrence.
Methods. From October 2020 to October 2021, 7 patients with primary musculoskeletal sarcoma underwent limb salvage surgery (LSS) by wide resection of the tumor and reconstruction using recycled Autograft treated with liquid nitrogen. The resected bone was dipped in liquid nitrogen for 15 min and thawed at room temperature for 15 min. The recycled bone was re-implanted into its original site and stabilized with internal fixation, and some of them followed with arthroplasty.
Results. Average age was 14.14 years old. The most common site was the distal femur which was found in 3 cases (42,8%). During the 6-months-follow-up period, all patients had a good function (mean functional MSTS score of 90%) with one case of local recurrence in the re-implanted bone and one case of infection. No metastasis was reported in any patient.
Conclusion. Satisfying functional results were recorded in all subjects treated with cryosurgery in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang with equal results with studies around the world.
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Metabolic Control Status Related to Quality of Life in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang
Views: 867Downloads: 24,891Background. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease requiring lifelong treatment. Good metabolic control could maintain an optimal quality of life. HbA1C is a reliable parameter of metabolic control. Poor metabolic control results in decreased quality of life for T1DM. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between metabolic control status and quality of life in children with T1DM at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang.
Methods. This cross-sectional study on 52 T1DM children aged 8–16 years using consecutive sampling methods at the pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic, Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang, from April-September 2021. HbA1C was calculated using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method and classified into good and poor control. Quality of life was assessed using PedsQl 4.0 and classified as impaired and unimpaired. The Chi-square test was used for data analysis. The P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results. The majority of respondents were girls (57.7%), and most of them had good nutritional status (73.1%). The mean age at diagnosis was 11.21±2.57 years, and they had suffered from T1DM for 2.21±1.28 years. A family history of diabetes was found in 57.7% of respondents. Complications found were hypoglycemia (19.2%) and diabetic ketoacidosis (50%). Poor metabolic control was found in 78.8% of respondents. Quality of life was impaired in 40.4% of respondents, especially in school functions. This study found that respondents with impaired quality of life had poor metabolic status (p<0.034).
Conclusion. T1DM patients with poor metabolic control status have impaired quality of life.
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The Association between 25-(OH)D Level and Metabolic Control Status in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang
Views: 665Downloads: 25,160Background. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease causing the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. This is an incurable condition, but with good metabolic control, an optimal quality of life can be achieved. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) is still considered a reliable parameter of metabolic control. Studies showed vitamin D has a role in controlling glycemic homeostasis in children with T1DM. Calcidiol or 25-(OH)D is the best parameter to determine the level of vitamin D in the blood. This study aimed to evaluate the association between 25-(OH)D with metabolic control status in T1DM children at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang.
Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 43 pediatric patients with T1DM from July 2019-January 2021. Serum levels of 25-(OH)D were measured by direct CLIA method and classified into deficiency (≤ 20 ng/mL) and insufficiency (21–30 ng/mL). The HbA1C levels were calculated using the HPLC method and classified into good (<7%), adequate (7-8%), and poor (>8%) control. The Chi-square test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. The P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results. The majority of respondents were girls (53.5%), with 90.7% having a good nutritional status. The mean age at diagnosis was 11.25±2.85 years, and had been known to suffer from T1DM for 2.95±1.74 years. All respondents had abnormal levels of 25-(OH)D (100%), i.e., insufficiency (28%), deficiency (72%), poor (65.1%) metabolic control, and 96.4% of respondents with poor metabolic control had a deficiency of 25-(OH)D. (P-value <0.001).
Conclusion. T1DM patients who have poor metabolic control have very low levels of 25-(OH)D.
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Profile of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer and Malignant Melanoma at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang from 2017 - 2019: A Retrospective Study
Views: 899Downloads: 934Background: Currently, there is an increasing trend in skin cancer incidence, especially non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), also malignant melanoma (MM), causing an increase in morbidity and mortality rates. The high treatment cost causes an economic burden of disease in the country and negatively impacts public health issues. This study aimed to determine the profile of NMSC and MM regarding the sex, age, occupation, location of the lesion, clinicohistopathological diagnosis of skin cancer in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang January 2017-December 2019.
Methods: A retrospective analytical observational study obtained from medical records of NMSC and MM patients in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang from January 2017-December 2019 as confirmed using histopathological results from the Pathology Department.
Results: There were 324 new cases of NMSC and MM, including BCC 162 cases (50%) and SCC 130 cases (40.1%), whereas MM 32 cases (9.9%). Women had a higher probability of developing skin cancer with a ratio of 1.13:1. The average age of skin cancer was between 55-64 years old (33.6%), with a mean age of 57 years old. There was a statistically significant relationship between gender, age, occupation, and areas of skin cancer against skin cancer. Furthermore, overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is related to high-risk occupations, including farmers (50%), while the most frequent location of skin cancer was the face (67.3%).
Conclusion: Our study implicated a 1.5-fold increase in new cases of skin cancer between 2017 to 2019. BCC cases were more prevalent than SCC and MM cases. There was also a significant association between skin cancer and occupation also the location of skin cancer as the risk factor for UV exposure. Nevertheless, further research involving larger samples or a multicenter approach is needed.
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Potential of Hydrogel Acemannan Aloe Vera (Aloe vera) on Wound Healing After Tooth Extraction In vivo Via Regulation of Inflammatory Response
Views: 1,745Downloads: 1,427Background: Tooth extraction is a surgical procedure that involves hard tissue such as bone and soft tissue. Wounds on soft tissue are then followed by a healing process that occurs through three phases, namely the inflammatory phase, the proliferative phase, and the remodeling phase. Acemannan has the ability to stimulate hematopoiesis and antioxidant effects. Acemannan is able to reduce inflammation through prostaglandin synthesis and increase leukocyte infiltration and play a significant role in the oral wound healing process.
Methods: This study is an in vivo experimental study. A total of 30 rats (5 each/group) were divided into groups that received 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, povidone-iodine, and carbopol acemannan Aloe vera hydrogel. Furthermore, the number of macrophage cells in the tissue after tooth extraction was assessed. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS with ANOVA and post hoc LSD tests.
Results: There was a significant difference between the application of acemannan 1% hydrogel and 4% acemannan hydrogel, 8%, povidone-iodine, and carbopol, between the application of acemannan 2% hydrogel 4% acemannan hydrogel, 8%, povidone-iodine and carbopol, applications acemannan hydrogel 8% with carbopol, and between povidone-iodine and carbopol (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: Acemannan Aloe vera hydrogel is able to accelerate wound healing after tooth extraction in vivo by suppressing macrophage cell activity.
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Relationship between Initial CT Value, Inflammatory Markers, and Onset of Clinical Symptoms with Outcomes of Treatment Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang
Views: 914Downloads: 514Background: Treatment given for COVID-19 includes the provision of antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticoagulant, and treatment of comorbidities and complications. The success of treatment in COVID-19 patients does not only depend on the drug given but is also influenced by clinical manifestations, clinical phase, and the presence or absence of complications and comorbidities. This study aims to assess the relationship between initial CT values, inflammatory markers, and symptom onset on treatment outcomes for COVID-19 patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang.
Methods: This study is an observational analytic study with a retrospective cohort approach in confirmed COVID-19 patients treated at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang between 1st January – and 31st May 2021. The sample is the population that meets the inclusion criteria; confirmed COVID-19 from the results of RT PCR/TCM SARS-CoV-2, aged > 18 years, including the clinical degree of moderate, severe, critical illness. Exclusion criteria were patients with incomplete medical record data. Univariate analysis is intended to describe each research variable so that the distribution and percentage of each variable are presented in tabular form. Bivariate analysis using Chi-Square statistical test to see the relationship between variables.
Results: COVID-19 patients being treated at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang were mostly in the age group above 50 years, namely 59.6%, and the female sex was treated more than the male, namely 55.5%. The moderate clinical grade is the highest proportion of hospitalized patients, namely 64.3%, followed by critical clinical 30.0% and severe clinical 5.6%. There is no relationship between the initial CT value and the outcome of COVID-19 patients. There is a relationship between IL-6 levels (initial) with the outcome of Covid-19 patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang. There is no relationship between the onset of clinical symptoms and the outcome of Covid-19 patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang.
Conclusion: There is a relationship between IL-6 levels (initial) with patient outcomes, need for oxygen therapy, ferritin levels with the incidence of sepsis, initial albumin levels with initial D-Dimer levels, and IL-6 levels with D-dimers in COVID-19 patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang.
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The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Kersen Leaf (Muntingia Calabura L.) on Reducing Triglyceride Levels in Hypercholesterolemic Rats
Views: 902Downloads: 724Background: Kersen leaf has the potential to lower triglycerides because they contain flavonoids and tannins.
Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory study with a pre and post-test with a control group design. The subjects were 30 white male rats (Rattus norvegicus), bodyweight ±200 grams, aged 3-4 months, and divided into 5 groups with random sampling. The groups were negative control (K-) was given a high-fat diet, and PTU without any treatment, positive control (K+) was given a high-fat diet, and PTU with gemfibrozil treatment, (P1),(P2),(P3) was given a high-fat diet and PTU with ethanol extract of Kersen leaf 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBB. This study was held for 4 weeks. Triglyceride level was measured using the GPO-PAP method. The data was analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk, Levene test, and ANOVA test.
Results: The ethanol extract of Kersen leaf dose 100, 200 and 400 mg/kgWB are found effective on reducing blood triglyceride levels with a mean reduction in the first treatment of 112,83 mg/dl, 98,20 mg/dl, 89,92 mg/dl and in the second treatment of 106,71 mg/dl, 93,95 mg/dl dan 76,87 mg/dl. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA showed p<0,05, which determines a significant difference in triglyceride levels among each group.
Conclusion: Extract dose of 400 mg/kgWB is found to be the most effective dose in triglyceride reduction.
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The Effect of Ethanolic Extract from Moringa oleifera Leaves in Collagen Density and Numbers of New Capillary Vessel Count on Wistar Rats Burn Wound
Views: 786Downloads: 576Background: Burns are a major cause of morbidity, including prolonged length of stay and disability, which requires no small amount of treatment costs. Currently, there are many studies to accelerate the healing of wounds, one of which is with Moringa oleifera (MO). This study aimed to prove the effect of ethanolic extract from MO leaves on collagen density and new capillary vessel count on Wistar rats' burn wounds.
Methods: This research is randomized post-test only with a control group design. Twenty-four male Wistar rats induced burn wounds and were randomly divided into 4 groups which were given topical medicine once daily for 10 days; P1 (MO leaves extract 10%), P2 (Silver Sulfadiazine + MO leaves extract 10%), P3 (SSD), and P4 (negative control). Collagen density was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with Mann-Whitney Test. New capillary vessel count was assessed using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and One Way ANOVA. The correlation test between two variables was tested using the Spearman test.
Results: Collagen Density shows significant difference in group P1 compared to P4 (p=0,016), group P2 compared to P3 (p=0,047), group P2 compared to P4 (p=0,009). A significant increase in new capillary blood vessel counts was seen in group P1 compared to P3 and P4 (p=0.001; 0,000) and group P2 compared to P3 and P4 (p=0,000;0,000). A positive correlation was found between the new capillary blood vessel count and epithelization percentage (p=0,001), with a strong correlation (rho=0,682).
Conclusion: Ethanolic extract from Moringa oleifera leaves proved to be effective in increasing collagen density and new capillary vessel count.
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Cortisol Level Related to Depression in Women with Endometriosis
Views: 1,414Downloads: 622Background: Several main symptoms of endometriosis can lead to physical and psychological stress and also hormonal disturbances as the result of prolonged stress. Cortisol was associated with the onset of depression. This study aimed to determine the relationship between cortisol levels and depression in women with endometriosis at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital (RSMH) Palembang.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at the Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility outpatient clinic and inpatient ward, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang, from January to November 2020. There were 74 samples of endometriosis patients who met the inclusion criteria. The blood cortisol level was examined using the ELISA method. The determination of depression level was performed by filling out the Beck Depression Inventory questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0.
Results: Seventy-four samples met the inclusion criteria. As many as 44 patients (59.5%) without depression, 20 patients (27%) with mild depression, 8 patients (10.8%) with moderate depression, and only 2 patients (2.7%) with severe depression. There were no differences in age, marital status, parity, menstrual cycle, and duration of treatment between endometriosis patients with and without depression (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference in cortisol levels between endometriosis patients with and without depression (p = 0.017). Endometriosis patients with cortisol levels ≤ 7.4 mg/dl were three times more at risk of depression than endometriosis patients with cortisol levels > 7.4 mg/dl. In addition, there was a significant relationship between cortisol level and depression status (OR = 3.023 (95% CI 1.153–7.942; p = 0.041). This study also found a significantly low negative correlation between cortisol levels and BDI scores (r = -0.249; p = 0.032).
Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between serum cortisol levels and depression in women with endometriosis. Endometriosis patients with depression had significantly lower cortisol levels than endometriosis patients without depression.
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Profile of p53 Protein Expression in Basal Cell Carcinoma Low-Risk and High-Risk Subtype
Views: 860Downloads: 514Background: Basal cell carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in the world, and its incidence is increasing over time. It is estimated that it accounts for three-quarters of all non-melanoma skin cancers, and the incidence increases exponentially in predominantly white areas. The p53 gene is the gene that most undergoes mutations due to sun exposure and is the cause of skin cancer, especially basal cell carcinoma. This finding explains that p53 expression can be used as marker analysis in cases of basal cell carcinoma.
Methods: Observational analytic design was carried out with a cross-sectional. The population and samples were paraffin blocks which histopathologically diagnosed Basal Cell Carcinoma in the anatomical pathology laboratory, Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang. Samples were processed by the p53 immunohistochemical staining method. The p53 expression was given a quantitative score to be 0 = negative, 1-2 = low, 3-4 = high. The expression of p53 was considered positive when it was colored in the cell nucleus. The correlation between variables was analyzed by Spearman and Mann Whitney correlation test.
Results: There is no correlation between p53 expression and the age of p53 patients with p = 0.390 (p > 0.05). There is no correlation between p53 expression and lesion location with p = 0.817 (p > 0.05) There is no difference significant, between p53 expression and gender with p = 0.576 (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: There is no correlation between high and low-risk Basal Cell Carcinoma subtype associated with age, gender, and lesion location.
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The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves on the Macrophage Count and VEGF Expression on Wistar Rats with Burn Wound
Views: 760Downloads: 526Background: One modality type of burn wound therapy is topical silver sulfadiazine. Recently, research about topical herb medicine has grown. Moringa oleifera (MO) is a kind of herb plant that has an anti-inflammation effect and has an influence on angiogenesis, so it tends to faster burn wound healing. This study aimed to prove the effect of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on the macrophage count and VEGF expression in Wistar rats with burn wounds.
Methods: The research design that was used is "Randomized post-test with a control group." The study population used 24 male Wistar rats that were induced burn wounds and randomly divided into 4 groups which were given medicine topically once daily for 7 days. Treatment groups included: I (MO leaves extract 10%), II (SSD + MO leaves extract 10%), III (SSD), dan IV (pure vehiculum). Exudation was assessed macroscopically, while PMN and macrophage amount were assessed microscopically with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Data were analyzed and processed using hypothesis test One Way ANOVA – Post Hoc Bonferroni, Kruskal Wallis – Mann Whitney, and correlation test Spearman and Pearson with SPSS 25.0 program.
Results: Significant difference obtained in macrophage amount between II group and IV group (p 0,000). There was no significant difference in VEGF expression. There was also no correlation between macrophage amount and VEGF expression.
Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves extract proved to be effective in decreasing macrophage cell count on Wistar rats with burn wounds.
