Accreditation
SINTA 2Nationally Accredited Journal
Vol. 6 No. 7 (2022): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Articles
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Knowledge and Attitudes of Pregnant Women Toward Iron Supplementation During Pregnancy in the Work Area of Pegasing Health Center Central Aceh in 2021
Views: 1,498Downloads: 770Background: This study aims to determine the extent of knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women toward the consumption of iron tablets in the working area of Pegasing Health Center, Pegasing District, Central Aceh Regency, in 2021.
Methods: This research is descriptive research. The research sample was 35 pregnant women in the working area of Pegasing Health Center. Data were collected and measured using a questionnaire of 40 questions, 20 questions about knowledge, and 20 questions about attitudes.
Results: The mother's knowledge about the definition and need for iron is in the sufficient category (41.86%), the impact of iron deficiency is in a good category (74.29%) the purpose of giving iron is in the good category (57.14%) containing a source of iron is in the sufficient category (65.71%) while the attitude of pregnant women to the consumption of iron tablets is in a good category (42.86%).
Conclusion: Most of the respondents have a sufficient level of knowledge regarding the definition, benefits, and food sources of iron during pregnancy. Most pregnant women are well aware of the impact of iron deficiency and the purpose of iron tablet supplementation during pregnancy. The majority of respondents have a good attitude towards iron supplementation during pregnancy.
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Views: 739Downloads: 499Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome is a collection of symptoms characterized by complaints of fatigue that lasts for at least six months or more. It can be accompanied by symptoms of low-grade fever, myalgia, arthralgia, cephalgia, and a sore throat that is sometimes accompanied by enlarged glands. The main psychological symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome are depression and sleep disturbances.
Case Presentation: A 26-year old male patient was treated with a main complaint of feeling tired since 6 months before he was admitted to the hospital. The patient claimed that he was unable to do activities independently because he experienced extreme tiredness. He also complained of a headache that was felt when under stress and was not relieved by rest along with a stabbing-like pain that moved around throughout his body, which also does not decrease with changes in position or rest. He also has heartburn felt since 4 months ago when eating spicy foods, eating late, and especially when experiencing mental stress, which often was accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The results of his physical, laboratory and supporting examinations were all within normal limits. The patient was then diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome and functional dyspepsia.
Conclusion: Approaches to medical treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome can be done based on general treatment of physical and psychological symptoms experienced. In these circumstances, antidepressant drug therapy and psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy is needed. In addition, rehabilitation therapy may also be necessary because several studies show that gradual physical exercise yield significant improvement in chronic fatigue syndrome patients.
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The Role of Calcium in the Skin Barrier
Views: 1,626Downloads: 3,946Calcium is a macro mineral that is an important part of the body. Bones and teeth contain more than 99% of the human body calcium. Calcium also found in other tissues such as skin. The concentration of calcium in the body tends to decrease with age because released from the body through sweat, skin cells, and faeces. Calcium intake varies worldwide with an average of 175-1233 mg/day. Many countries in Asia have an average calcium intake of less than 500 mg/day. The skin barrier function is in the epidermis, the formation of the epidermal barrier and the maintenance of homeostasis are important to protect the individual from the external environment and organisms. Epidermal calcium gradient, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium homeostasis, and calcium influx through calcium channels play important roles in keratinocyte differentiation, barrier formation, and barrier homeostasis. Understanding the mechanism of regulation and function of calcium related to skin barrier homeostasis is aimed to improve understanding of calcium in the skin barrier
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Association of Early Drain Removal with Formation of Seroma in Breast Cancer Patients After Modified Radical Mastectomy
Views: 962Downloads: 842Background: The installation of drainage after MRM surgery has been aimed at reducing seroma formation. However, when the drain should be removed has not been studied well. This study aims to determine the association of early drain removal with seroma formation.
Methods: A nested cohort study was conducted on 40 breast cancer patients undergoing MRM surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups; off-drain day I and day III post-surgery. Seroma formation was assessed 7 days after the patient was discharged.
Results: Seroma formation seven days after discharge occurs in 25 of the total 40 patients (62.5%). There was no difference in seroma incidence between groups of patients on the off-drain day I and day III seven days after discharge (65% vs. 60%) (p 1,000) or the number of seromas (157.31 +120.00 ml vs. 149.58 + 110.00 ml) (p 0.437).
Conclusion: Removing the drain faster does not reduce the incidence and number of seromas seven days after discharge.
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Factors Affecting Chronic Heart Failure in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease at Bhayangkara Hospital Denpasar
Views: 685Downloads: 488Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have a twofold risk of developing heart failure. A number of factors in ESRD patients are related to chronic heart failure (CHF). The intervention of cardiovascular risk factors in the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) can reduce mortality from heart disease and slow the severity of kidney deterioration. This study aims to examine the factors that affect CHF in patients with ESRD.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analytic observational study of 49 patients with ESRD based on consecutive sampling. The data collected were primary and secondary data on ESRD patients at the Cardiac Polyclinic, Internal Medicine Polyclinic, and the Medical Records Unit Bhayangkara Hospital Denpasar.
Results: In this study, it was found that most patients were in the age group ≥40 years (92%) and male gender (63%). From the chi-square test analysis, it was found that the factors affecting CHF in patients with ESRD are hypertension (HT) (p-value < 0.001) with prevalence ratio (PR) 11.19 (1.69-73.92), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (p-value = 0.008) with PR 1.72 (1.18-2.51), obesity (p-value < 0.001) with PR 6.67 (2.34-18.92), and smoking (p-value = 0.027) with PR 1.6 (1.02-2.49).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the factors affecting CHF in patients with ESRD are HT, T2DM, obesity, and smoking. The results of this study are expected to be used as an illustration so that in the future, prevention can be made for factors affecting CHF in ESRD patients.
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HIV Drug Resistance Mutations
Views: 1,175Downloads: 1,433ART resistance, according to WHO, is the presence of one or more mutations in HIV that reduces the ability of certain drugs or drug groups to inhibit viral replication. According to the 2019 HIV Drug Resistance Report issued by the WHO, the prevalence of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) drug resistance is 3%-29%. The prevalence of HIV drug resistance varies by country. In developed countries, the prevalence ranges from 6.6% to 11%. There are two types of resistance to ART: primary and secondary resistance. Primary resistance reflects the acquisition of drug-resistant strains in individuals who have recently been infected and have not received therapy. Secondary resistance occurs after treatment with ART. Resistance to antiretroviral therapy, mainly NRTIs, NNRTIs, and protease inhibitors, is caused by continuous inhibition of the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme. World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended two NRTIs plus Lopinavir or Atazanavir as a second-line regimen for individuals who have failed treatment with efavirenz or dolutegravir; two NRTIs plus Darunavir and Lopinavir plus Raltegravir are recommended as an alternative due to cost constraints and the fact that Darunavir is unstable in moderately hot conditions.
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Talipes Equinovarus (TEV) and VACTERL Associated Anomalies: Narrative Literature Review
Views: 1,014Downloads: 872Clubfoot or known as Talipes Equinovarus (TEV), is a common anomaly in world population of newborn. This condition was reported in many studies as isolated anomaly but may come with other associated congenital anomalies. This review aims to further discuss the classification of TEV, its etiopathogenesis and how to diagnosis with all kind of VACTERL associated anomaly together with TEV. Many studies show a range of incidence between 1.1-4.5 per 1000 live birth per year and there is a chance of its condition followed by multiple congenital anomalies. Even though, this anomaly was an idiopathic condition, but still there is multifactorial etiology for its in which revealed through many studies also. Nevertheless, the orthopedic management of TEV with or without other congenital conditions still continue to develop to make a better improvement for the patients.
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Growth Profile in Pediatric Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang
Views: 633Downloads: 419Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a glucose metabolism disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that often occurs and is a major health problem. During puberty, increased Growth Hormone (GH) secretion results in increased insulin resistance. This study aimed to describe the growth profile of pediatric patients with diabetes mellitus at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital.
Methods: A descriptive retrospective study with conducted by collecting data on body height, HbA1C level, and status of puberty from medical records at the pediatric ward of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital from January 2019 - December 2020.
Results: The sample was 67 (63 T1DM, 2 T2DM, and 2 double DM). Ten of them with short stature (8 with poor metabolic control).
Conclusion: Children with DM may experience growth disturbance.
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Pathogenesis Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Narrative Literature Review
Views: 731Downloads: 438The pathogenesis of COVID-19 occurs in 3 phases according to the pathophysiology and clinical degree. The three phases are grouped into the initial phase of infection, the pulmonary phase, and the hyperinflammatory phase. The initial phase of infection begins with the inoculation of the virus into host cells. This virus infects cells in the airways that line the alveoli. SARS CoV-2 will bind to receptors found on the epithelium of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and endothelium of blood vessels and make its way into cells. The second phase is the pulmonary phase. In this phase, there is viral multiplication and inflammation in the lungs. The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptor causes ACE2 deficiency and an imbalance of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In the third phase, namely hyper inflammation, excessive cytokine production after SARS-CoV-2 infection will increase the permeability of the capillary wall membrane around the infected alveoli, causing edema, pulmonary dyspnea, and hypoxemia. The presence of plasma fluid in the alveoli and loss of elasticity due to decreased surfactant function due to type 2 pneumocyte infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection causes acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients.
