Accreditation
SINTA 2Nationally Accredited Journal
Vol. 6 No. 14 (2022): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Articles
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Histopathological Features of Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Leg Type: A Case Report
Views: 662Downloads: 408Background: Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL-LT), is a rare and aggressive lymphoma with poor prognostic. It is difficult to diagnose PCDLBCL-LT at an early stage due to its nonspecific manifestations that overlap with other lymphomas. A histopathological examination can be performed to establish the diagnosis.
Case Presentation: A 74-year-old female presented with itchy red, swollen patches accompanied by a burning sensation on both her legs. Clinical examination revealed a hard ping pong ball-sized lump palpable on her left inner thigh. Haematoxylin eosin staining demonstrated the proliferation of diffused neoplastic cells, homogenous cells with atypical nuclei, and mitoses. Immunohistochemical examination revealed positive for CD 45 as well as CD 20 and negative for CD3. These findings were consistent with a diagnosis of PCDLBCL-LT.
Conclusion: The presented case demonstrates that skin lesions in patients with diagnosed PCDLBCL-LT may have a variable clinical presentation. Histologically is characterized by a diffuse dermal infiltrate mostly consisting of activated B-cell (centroblast) and activated lymphocyte (immunoblast), with high mitotic activity and a minimal T-reactive component. Immunohistochemical analysis is necessary for establishing the diagnosis of PCDLBCL-LT which shows positive markers for CD 45, CD 20, CD79a, Bcl-2, MUM-1, FOX-P1, CD10, IgM, CD 138, Ki-67, CD 30 and MYC.
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Juvenile Glaucoma Related to Pineal Tumor Post Ventriculoperineal Shunt Procedure: A Case Report
Views: 656Downloads: 437Background: Glaucoma is a cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. This study aims to describe a case of juvenile open-angle glaucoma with a history of post-ventriculoperitoneal shunt perineal tumor.
Case presentation: A 27 years old man came with complaints of blurred vision in both eyes about 2 years ago. The vision in both eyes is felt to be progressively decreasing, almost the same in both eyes. Blurred vision felt suddenly while driving 1 year ago. The patient had been diagnosed with a pineal tumor and underwent surgery to install a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt for hydrocephalus indications 3 years ago. The patient also underwent radiotherapy 26 times for the treatment of the pineal tumor. Ophthalmological examination revealed 20/80 OD and OS vision; not advanced with pinhole, no eyelid edema, intraocular pressure OD 21 mmHg, OS 23 mmHg. Visual fields index on OD 85% and OS 81%. Central corneal thickness (CCT) examination showed CCT of the right eye at 541 mm and left eye at 547 mm. The results of a brain CT scan showed that there was a heterogeneous solid mass with calcification and cystic (necrotic) in the pineal region. This patient was diagnosed with juvenile glaucoma with bilateral papillary atrophy et causa pineal tumor post VP shunt. The therapy given was latanoprost 1 drop/day ODS and Cendo Lyteers 1 drop/6 hours ODS, and Thymol 0.5% 1 drop/12 hours ODS.
Conclusion: Monitoring and evaluation of staging and clinical progression of glaucoma patients with increased intracranial pressure is a condition that needs attention. The correlation between the two is the involvement of the lamina cribrosa in the form of a translaminar pressure gradient.
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The Effect of Pravastatin on Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1-Alpha (HIF-1-A) Expression on the Placenta of Preeclampsia Wistar Rats
Views: 724Downloads: 436Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is hypertension in pregnancy that currently occurs starting from the time of placentation and is 1 of the five leading causes of maternal death. The main cause of preeclampsia is the placenta, which is hypoxic, and the spiral artery remodeling fails. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1-A), a marker in the nucleus, is overexpressed during tissue hypoxia. Pravastatin has a pleiotropic effect as the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), a strong vasodilator to correct hypoxia. This study aims to explore the potential of pravastatin against functional abnormalities or placental hypoxia through in vivo HIF-1-A expression.
Methods: This study is an experimental study using female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by preeclampsia. Assessment of HIF-1-A expression was carried out by immunohistochemistry. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, and then univariate and bivariate tests were performed.
Results: Administration of pravastatin at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW showed the most optimal potential in reducing the expression of HIF-1-A protein, indicating tissue hypoxia. Pravastatin doses of 2.5 mg/kg BW and 5 mg/kg BW also could reduce HIF-1-A protein expression better than the K+ group who were not given pravastatin.
Conclusion: Pravastatin can reduce the expression of HIF-1-A protein in pre-eclamptic rats, which indicates the potential of pravastatin to reduce the incidence of preeclampsia.
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Benefits of Conventional Chemotherapy in Progressive Disease Patients with Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors: A Case Report
Views: 539Downloads: 495Background. Mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small cell lung carcinoma is a favorable predictive factor for targeted EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, but patients with EGFR-mutated lung cancer who are given EGFR-TKI will experience disease progression after average 10 to 14 months on average. This study aims to describe a case of progressive lung adenocarcinoma and its chemotherapy treatment.
Case presentation: A 54 years old woman who came with stage IV left lung adenocarcinoma (exon 21 mutation) who had received EGFR TKI for 17 months progressed, so the treatment was shifted to systemic chemotherapy. Based on these diagnostic results, the patient was diagnosed with progressive disease T3N1M1c left lung adenocarcinoma (pleura, contralateral nodule, ribs, suprarenal) Stage IVb PS ECOG 0. The patient was then treated with conventional doublet-platinum-based chemotherapy with the Carboplatin-Paclitaxel combination.
Conclusion: Systemic chemotherapy with doublet-platinum is an option in patients with progressive adenocarcinoma with EGFR-TKI who cannot obtain tissue for histopathological examination at rebiopsy or do not have access to advanced molecular biology (e.g., T790M) or follow-up therapy (third-generation TKI, osimertinib).
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The Differences in Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Plasma Activity of HIV-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis and HIV-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Views: 609Downloads: 428Background: Tuberculosis is the most common cause of death in HIV patients. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the immune response to TB and HIV infection. Increased plasma IDO1 activity in TB patients can be a promising marker for the diagnosis of TB, especially in HIV patients. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 plasma of HIV-positive pulmonary TB with HIV-negative pulmonary TB patients.
Methods: This study is an analytic observational study. Plasma IDO1 activity was assessed by calculating the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (K/T ratio). This indicator was assessed on 28 lung TB patients divided into two groups, HIV-positive pulmonary TB and HIV-negative pulmonary TB group.
Results: Twenty-eight subjects were included in this study with a mean age of 42,96 (16,17) years, with more males than females. This study's mean K/T ratio was 0.18 (0.16), with HIV-positive pulmonary TB is higher than HIV-negative pulmonary TB (0.24 vs 0.12, p = 0.027).
Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plasma in HIV-positive pulmonary TB and HIV-negative pulmonary TB groups. Thus the IDO1 plasma can be used as a new biomarker in diagnosed TB in HIV patients.
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Effect of Okra Fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus) Extract on Adenocarcinoma Mammae by Assessing Caspase-3 Expression and Apoptosis Index: An In Vivo Study
Views: 749Downloads: 1,404Background: Breast cancer is cancer in women with the highest incidence. Adriamycin-cyclophosphamide (AC) chemotherapy is a breast cancer therapy with good efficacy, but its effectiveness has not been maximized. The okra fruit extract is known to have anti-cancer effects from lectins, so it can be used as a complementary chemotherapy therapy to increase effectiveness with minimal side effects.
Methods: This study is an experimental study using female rats Sprague Dawley strain, aged 4 weeks, were induced by DMBA to form mammary adenocarcinoma cells. Divided into groups; control (K): no treatment, treatment 1 (P1): AC chemotherapy (adriamycin 1.5 mg/time and cyclophosphamide 15 mg/time), treatment 2 (P2): okra extract 150 mg/kgBW/day, and treatment 3 (P3): combination of AC and okra extract.
Results: The highest levels of caspase-3 and apoptosis index were found in the P3 group at 39.66±1.78 and 20.93±1.67, respectively. Giving green okra extract to chemotherapy agents can increase the anti-cancer effect by increasing the apoptosis index and caspase-3 levels significantly (p<0.05) compared to other groups.
Conclusion: Okra fruit extract was able to increase the apoptosis response to adriamycin-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in vivo, as indicated by the high expression of caspase-3 and apoptosis index.
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Utilization of Silica Nanoparticles from Rice Husks for Improving the Mechanical Properties of Dental Materials: A Literature Review
Views: 1,306Downloads: 896Rice husk is a waste product whose utilization is not optimal in Indonesia. Rice husks contain organic materials in the form of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin; and minerals in the form of silica, alkali, and trace elements. The silica content in rice husks is very high, ranging from 87-97% to other minerals. Silica nanoparticles from rice husks were synthesized through various methods, including the sol-gel method, the combustion method, and the combination method, to obtain the purity and size of the silica particles up to the manometer scale. Mixing silica nanoparticles from rice husk to dental material at a certain concentration is effective in producing better mechanical properties. Silica nanoparticles synthesized from rice husks have the potential as fillers and reinforcements that can improve the mechanical properties of dental materials. Besides that, the price is more economical because the raw materials come from Indonesian natural waste. This literature review aims to describe the method of synthesizing silica nanoparticles from rice husks and their effectiveness in improving the mechanical properties of dental materials.
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Chronic Kidney Disease Related to Cognitive Disorders in the Elderly: A Narrative Literature Review
Views: 756Downloads: 550Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by progressive and irreversible kidney damage, leading to the inability of the kidneys to perform their functions. Chronic kidney disease causes hypertension, anemia, vascular dysfunction, uremia, proteinuria, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress associated with cognitive impairment. Age is a population group aged 60 years or more at risk of experiencing health problems and the consequences associated with CKD. One of the common comorbidities experienced by elderly patients with CKD is cognitive impairment. Current treatment options for CKD with cognitive impairment aimed at common risk factors, including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), SGLT-2 inhibitors., GLP-1 RA, and DPP-4 inhibitors. Other interventions, such as erythropoietin (EPO) compensation and reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress, can help improve patients' clinical symptoms. This literature review aims to describe the relationship between chronic kidney disease and cognitive disorders that occur in the elderly.
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Antidiabetic Effectiveness Test of Andaliman Fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) Extract on Histopathological Changes in Peripheral Nerves: An In Vivo Study
Views: 838Downloads: 574Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, and the increase in sugar levels is triggered by low insulin production or the ineffective use of insulin by the body (relatively). Diabetic neuropathy is a complication that often attacks DM patients and is the highest complication of diabetes. This study aims to test the effectiveness of Andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) extract on the improved histopathology of Peripheral nerve in alloxan-induced Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).
Methods: This study is an experimental study using 24 Wistar rats, which were grouped into 6 groups (1: normal, 2: negative control, 3: positive control, 4-6: DM + andaliman extract 150mg/kgBW, 250 mg/kgBW, 350 mg /kgBB). Data analysis used SPSS to determine differences in the histological conditions of peripheral nerves.
Results: The administration of andaliman fruit extract at a dose of 350 mg/kgBW was most effective in inhibiting the proliferation of Schwann cells, which showed the potential of andaliman fruit extract in preventing the progression of diabetic neuropathy. The administration of andaliman fruit extract at a dose of 350 mg/kgBW also showed the most effective potential in inhibiting the inflammatory process in the peripheral nerves, which is believed to be responsible for peripheral nerve cell damage.
Conclusion: Andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) extract is effective against improving the histopathology of peripheral nerves in alloxane-induced Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).
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Intestinal Malrotation with Midgut Volvulus Comorbidity with Bronchopneumonia: A Case Report
Views: 679Downloads: 464Background: Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anomaly resulting from abnormal rotation and fixation of an imperfect midgut during embryonic development. This study aims to describe the diagnosis and management of intestinal malrotation and its comorbid diseases in children.
Case presentation: A boy, aged 9 months, was referred from a regional hospital with complaints of repeated vomiting accompanied by a distended stomach and no bowel movements for 4 days. Based on the birth history, the patient was born with vacuum assistance for the indication of prolonged phase II. The results of the physical examination showed that the patient was seriously ill, with compos mentis, pulse rate 130 x/minute, respiratory rate 34x/minute, blood pressure 90/60 mmHg, temperature 37.6ºC, 99% saturation with the help of O2 nasal canule 2L/minute. There are increased bowel sounds on abdominal examination. Blood examination showed an increase in leukocytes (10.850/mm3). The chest X-ray showed lateral bronchopneumonia, and the abdominal X-ray showed low-lying obstructive ileus. The patient was diagnosed with obstructive ileus due to volvulus, moderate dehydration, comorbid with bronchopneumonia, and global developmental delay.
Conclusion: Management of intestinal malrotation with volvulus in this patient includes general improvement and rehydration, Ladd's procedure for definitive correction of the cause. Management of comorbid global developmental delay is carried out after the emergency is resolved.
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Advancement Flap for Removing Seborrheic Keratosis on the Helix of Ear: A Case Report
Views: 822Downloads: 454Background: Seborrheic keratoses are benign intraepidermal neoplasms arising from epidermal keratinocytes. Age and UV exposure have a role in the course of the disease. Seborrheic keratosis consists of several types of cells, and transformation into various epithelial tumors originating from the same cell type can occur. Therefore, basal cell carcinoma may arise from the basaloid cells, which is the most commonly reported malignant neoplasm in seborrheic keratosis. Various treatment modalities are available to treat seborrheic keratoses. We report a case report of seborrheic keratosis resembling basal cell carcinoma and treated using surgical excision with the advancement flap technique.
Case presentation: A 76-year-old man came with complaints of itchy, blackish-brown lumps on his left ear 3 months ago. On examination of the dermatological status on the helix auricula sinistra, there was a solitary nodule of blackish brown color with a diameter of 1cm x 1cm x 1cm and an ulcer with an uneven surface, well-defined, telangiectatic (+). An examination of the biopsy showed the results of seborrheic keratosis, keratotic type. The management of this case is excision with an advancement flap.
Conclusion: Seborrheic keratosis is one of the most common benign skin tumors that occur in old age. Excision with an advancement flap showed good clinical improvement.
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The Effectiveness of Health Promotion Strategies for Pregnant Women on Fe Tablet Consumption in the Work Area of Bebesen Health Center, Central Aceh Regency
Views: 628Downloads: 373Background: The distribution coverage of Fe tablets in Bebesen Health Center is still very low, even the lowest compared to other health centers in Central Aceh District, namely 12.40% for Fe1 and 10.56% for Fe3. Failure to achieve the distribution target of Fe tablets in the district can increase the prevalence of anemia. However, there is no clear reporting of anemia in pregnant women, let alone data on adherence to consuming Fe tablets. One of the reasons is the weak monitoring, recording, and reporting system of health workers in consuming Fe tablets and the lack of routine Hb level checks. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of health promotion strategies for pregnant women on the consumption of Fe tablets in the Bebesen Health Center Work Area.
Methods: Experimental research with participatory action research design (PAR). A sample of 44 pregnant women who were in the Bebesen Health Center area with a gestational age of more than 20 weeks or less than 20 weeks but was the first visit and had made a health visit to a health service place in the working area of the Health Center. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS. Version 25, in the form of univariate and bivariate analysis.
Results: The promotional strategy applied was effective in changing the mother's behavior in consuming Fe tablets, Zcount = 5.781 (Zcount > 1.96), and p-value = 0.000 (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Provision of effective health promotion strategies on consumption behavior of Fe tablets.
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Airway Stent in Lung Cancer: A Narrative Literature Review
Views: 731Downloads: 962Lung cancer complications are the leading cause of death in lung cancer patients. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of stent placement, indications for stent placement, success and complication rates, and prognosis of airway stent placement in patients with lung cancer. Malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO) is one of the significant complications. Insertion of airway stent can restore airway patency in more than 90% of patients with MCAO. Airway stent placement is indicated in patients with extrinsic lesions, obstruction of ≥ 50%, have patent airway below the obstruction, and are not in the terminal state. The technical success was reported to be very high and consistent with the range of 95-100%. Early complications were relatively rare; however, up to 87% of long-term complications were reported. Stent placement is a risk factor for lower respiratory tract infection, an adverse prognostic factor in lung cancer survival. Airway stents should be indicated and used with caution and discretion. With the advancement and development of technology, various materials and types of airway stents are being developed to minimize adverse outcomes.
