Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Swietenia mahagoni Leaf Extract against Streptococcus mutans: A Promising Natural Approach for Caries Prevention
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v9i5.1269Keywords:
Antibacterial activity, Dental caries, Phytochemicals, Streptococcus mutans, Swietenia mahagoniAbstract
Background: Dental caries, primarily caused by Streptococcus mutans, is a prevalent oral health issue. The rise of antibiotic resistance and side effects of synthetic antimicrobials have fueled the search for plant-derived alternatives. Swietenia mahagoni (mahogany) leaves, traditionally used for medicinal purposes, exhibit potential antibacterial properties. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of S. mahagoni leaf extracts against S. mutans.
Methods: S. mahagoni leaves were collected, processed, and extracted using ethanol. Phytochemical screening identified alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. Antibacterial activity was assessed through the agar well diffusion method against S. mutans, using various extract concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%) and chlorhexidine as a positive control. Inhibition zone diameters were measured to determine antibacterial efficacy.
Results: Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins in the S. mahagoni leaf extract. The extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against S. mutans at all concentrations. The highest concentration (75%) showed the largest inhibition zone (18.07 ± 0.37 mm), significantly larger than those of lower concentrations and the positive control (chlorhexidine, 13.87 ± 0.21 mm).
Conclusion: S. mahagoni leaf extract exhibits substantial antibacterial activity against S. mutans, likely due to its diverse phytochemical content. These findings suggest its potential as a natural anti-caries agent. Further research is needed to explore its use in developing novel oral health products.
Authors
- Firdha Muharraran1*
- Florenly2
- Ivan Melka3
- 1Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia
- 2Department of Dental Science, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia
- 3Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia
Corresponding author Firdha Muharraran — firdhamuharraran@unprimdn.ac.id
Article history
- Submitted
- Accepted
- Published
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
As our aim is to disseminate original research article, hence the publishing right is a necessary one. The publishing right is needed in order to reach the agreement between the author and publisher. As the journal is fully open access, the authors will sign an exclusive license agreement.
The authors have the right to:
- Share their article in the same ways permitted to third parties under the relevant user license.
- Retain copyright, patent, trademark and other intellectual property rights including research data.
- Proper attribution and credit for the published work.
For the open access article, the publisher is granted to the following right.
- The non-exclusive right to publish the article and grant right to others.
- For the published article, the publisher applied for the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
