Immunophenotyping vs. Bone Marrow Aspiration in Pediatric Acute Leukemia: A Comparative Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v9i5.1289Keywords:
Acute leukemia, Bone marrow aspiration, Children, Diagnosis, ImmunophenotypingAbstract
Background: Acute leukemia is a significant global health concern, with increasing prevalence worldwide and in Indonesia. Accurate diagnosis and classification of acute leukemia subtypes, primarily acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), are crucial for effective treatment. Immunophenotyping and bone marrow aspiration (BMA) are commonly used diagnostic methods, each with its strengths and limitations. This study aimed to analyze the concordance between immunophenotyping and BMA in diagnosing and classifying acute leukemia in children.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 46 children diagnosed with acute leukemia at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang from January 2022 to July 2023. Data were collected from medical records, including patient demographics, immunophenotyping results, and BMA findings. Concordance between the two diagnostic methods was analyzed using Fisher's exact test.
Results: The study population consisted of 30 (65.2%) males and 16 (34.8%) females, with a median age of 4 years. Immunophenotyping identified 24 (52.2%) cases as ALL and 22 (47.8%) as AML. BMA classified 26 (56.5%) cases as ALL and 20 (43.5%) as AML. There was a high concordance between the two methods, with only 2 (4.3%) cases showing discordant results. These two cases were classified as AML by immunophenotyping but as ALL by BMA.
Conclusion: Immunophenotyping and BMA demonstrate a high level of concordance in diagnosing and classifying acute leukemia in children. The few discordant cases highlight the importance of considering both methods, especially in challenging cases, to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Authors
- Satria Utomo1
- Dwi Yulia2*
- Elfira Yusri3
- Rismawati Yaswir3
- Husni3
- Desywar3
- 1Clinical Pathology Specialist Medical Education Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
- 2Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia/Medical Staff Group of Clinical Pathology, Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
- 3Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
Corresponding author Dwi Yulia — dwi.yulia25@yahoo.com
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