Accreditation
SINTA 2Nationally Accredited Journal
Vol. 6 No. 11 (2022): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Articles
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Differences in Anxiety in Second and Third Year Medical Undergraduate Students Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Views: 756Downloads: 478Background: Anxiety is a condition in which a person experiences concern about an unpleasant event that will occur in the future. Medical students tend to experience anxiety during their studies. This study was attributable to the differences in anxiety in second and third-year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Methods: This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The research will be conducted online using a self-reported questionnaire. Respondents' level of anxiety was measured by the general anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire. Analysis of the data used is using the Mann-Whitney test method.
Results: Of the total 109 respondents, the majority had a mild level of anxiety, with a total of 45 people. The majority of respondents are third-year students (59%), female (76%), and over 20 years old (69%). After analyzing using the Mann-Whitney Test between the GAD-7 score and the year of study, the p-value was 0.622.
Conclusion: There is no difference in the level of anxiety in the second and third-year undergraduate medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
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The Outcomes of Lower Eyelid Reconstruction after Carcinoma Excision: Case Series
Views: 831Downloads: 612Introduction: Eyelid reconstruction after excision of carcinoma can be challenging due to the dynamic movement and anatomy of the eyelid. Flap and graft are choices of techniques to fill and repair broad eyelid defects. Significant lower eyelid defects can typically be closed using skin flaps and grafts to substantiate the posterior lamella. This study aims to describe three cases with lower eyelid reconstruction and evaluate the outcome of the surgery.
Case presentation: There are three cases of lower eyelid reconstruction reported in this study. In cases 1 and 2, the surgical procedures need graft for posterior lamellae reconstruction. In case 3, the reconstruction process only required a rotational flap. All patients are in good aesthetic and functional outcomes.
Conclusion: Combination of skin flap (transposition and rotational flap) and graft (oral mucosa and transconjunctival) and only rotational flap can achieve favorable functional and aesthetic outcomes in wide excision of carcinoma.
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Correlation of Absolute Lymphocyte Count with Severity of COVID-19 at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang
Views: 1,124Downloads: 548Background: The rRT-PCR examination is very effective as a diagnostic tool for COVID-19 but cannot be a full reference as an evaluation examination because rRT-PCR is able to capture the genetic material of the virus without ensuring that the virus is still alive or only dead particles. This study aims to explore the correlation between absolute lymphocyte values and the severity of COVID-19 at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang.
Methods: This study is an observational study involving 413 research subjects at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate.
Results: The absolute number of lymphocytes with the severity of COVID-19 has a negative correlation, with a strong correlation strength, which is expressed by the value of r = -0.617 and the degree of significance of p = 0.000.
Conclusion: There is a correlation between absolute lymphocyte count and the severity of COVID-19 at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang.
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The Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera Burn Healing: In Vivo Study
Views: 2,034Downloads: 2,285Background: Burns is a type of wound that requires more intensive treatment considering the damage from these wounds is quite massive and very often causes infection. Topical antimicrobials used today have few side effects and are only partially effective in wound healing. The aim of the study was to explore the potential of Moringa oleifera on burn wound healing in vivo.
Methods: This study is an experimental study using 24 rats. Rats were grouped into 3 treatment groups and 1 control group. Furthermore, the number of fibroblasts and PMN cells was assessed in the wound tissue. Data analysis was done by univariate and bivariate.
Results: The combination of sulfur sulfadiazine and Moringa oleifera was able to significantly increase the number of fibroblasts and reduce PMN cells in burn tissue.
Conclusion: Moringa oleifera extract has the potential to accelerate burn healing by inhibiting inflammation and fibroblast activation.
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Atopic Dermatitis
Views: 1,745Downloads: 808Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin inflammation found in children with a varied course caused by external and internal factors. The incidence of AD in industrialized countries is 10-20% in children and 1-3% in adults. The main etiopathogenesis of AD is genetic and skin barrier disorders, immunologic disorders, and environment. Oxidative stress (SO) is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exceeds the defense capacity of the body's antioxidant system. Uncontrolled ROS production plays a major role in various skin diseases. Oxidative stress can damage the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of keratinocytes through lipid oxidation, as well as disrupt skin barrier function, increase the production of proinflammatory cytokines and worsen AD lesions. The main objectives of this literature review are to determine the role of oxidative stress in AD and antioxidants as adjunctive therapy.
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Adverse Skin Reaction to Hand Hygiene and Personal Protective Equipment among Health-Care Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang
Views: 731Downloads: 386Background: Indonesian health-care workers (HCWs) are at the front liners battling against the Coronavirus-2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic since March 2020 and must protect themselves by hand hygiene and using personal protective equipment (PPE). Hand hygiene and the use of PPE are associated with an adverse skin reactions. This study aimed to find out the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors for adverse skin reactions to hand hygiene and PPE among HCWs in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire-based survey among HCWs in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang on April 1-30, 2022. The data were collected, including demographic characteristics, occupational-related characteristics, and adverse skin reactions.
Results: The study included 134 respondents, the majority of the respondents were female (57,5%), with a mean age was 31,18 ± 4,89 years old. Adverse skin reactions were reported only on 16,4% of respondents. Hands (40,9%) were the most common site affected. The highest symptom and lesion were itch (54,5%), erythema (59,1%) and scales (59,1%). There was a significant association between adverse skin reactions to hand hygiene (p <0,001) and PPE (p = 0,001) before and during the pandemic. However, adverse skin reactions were not associated with increased frequency of hand hygiene and duration of PPE worn. History of pre-existing inflammatory skin condition is the risk factor for adverse skin reactions to hand hygiene and PPE.
Conclusion: Adverse skin reactions to hand hygiene and PPE are increasing among Indonesian HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Hypertension as Comorbidity in Pemphigus Vulgaris Patients: A Case Series
Views: 1,156Downloads: 495Background: Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is a chronic autoimmune bullous disease characterized by flaccid blisters on the skin and mucous membrane. This study aimed to report a serial case of PV followed by hypertension as comorbidity.
Case presentation: Four patients, 2 males, and 2 females were hospitalized due to PV. All of these patients also suffer from hypertension, but only 2 patients take antihypertension. Drugs relatively, histopathology features of all patients revealed a cleft above the basal epidermal layer with a tombstone appearance. Pemphigus vulgaris can be accompanied by hypertension as comorbidity, but its pathogenesis is unclear. A low level of programmed cell death 1 (PD1) in PV patients promotes downregulating protective factors, including T regulator (Treg) cells. In addition, decreasing the PD1 level may cause apoptosis and inflammation process in the vascular endothelial, which may lead to hypertension.
Conclusion: Pemphigus vulgaris is significantly associated with hypertension.
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Preventive Effects of Vitamin C on Cataracts: In Vivo Study
Views: 723Downloads: 433Background: A cataract is a disease caused by various factors, one of which is the aging process. With increasing age, the formation of free radicals will cause pathological reactions in the lens and other toxic compounds, resulting in oxidative reactions. Administration of vitamin C injection as an antioxidant can reduce the reactivity of free radicals caused by oxidative reactions in cataract lenses induced by sodium selenite. This study aims to determine the preventive effect of vitamin C administration on selenite-induced cataracts based on the value of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.
Methods: The experimental study used 30 rats which were then divided into 5 treatment groups (P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5). Lenses were extracted for the measurement of malondialdehyde. The value of MDA levels was then analyzed using the One-way ANOVA statistical test.
Results: Statistically, there was no significant difference in MDA levels in each treatment group. Analysis of the difference in mean MDA between the 2 groups showed that the average MDA levels of mice in groups P4 and P5 were relatively lower than P2 and P3, but higher than P1.
Conclusion: Giving vitamin C was able to reduce MDA levels (a marker of oxidative stress) better than the group that did not receive vitamin C, but not statistically different.
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Disseminated Herpes Zoster in Elderly with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: A Case Report
Views: 1,254Downloads: 764Background: Disseminated herpes zoster (HZ) is one of the complications of HZ in the form of the appearance of the main lesion accompanied by the spread of solitary vesicles on the body. This condition occurs in 2% of the general population and 15-30% of immunodeficient patients, such as the elderly and HIV infection.
Case presentation: A 64-year-old man came with the complaint of rashes all over his body four days ago. Vesicles and erosions are multiple in 1 dermatome and are discrete and scattered throughout the body on dermatological examination. The diagnosis of disseminated HZ, in this case, was established based on history, physical examination, and Tzank examination. HZ spread is less common and is characterized by the appearance of more than 20 vesicles or more than 2 consecutive dermatomes. Old age and HIV infection are immunocompromised conditions causing reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus and other infections. The patient received oral acyclovir, vitamins B1, B6, and B12, salicylic powder and topical fusidic acid, antiretrovirals (ARVs), azithromycin, intraoral cotrimoxazole, ceftriaxone, and intravenous fluconazole for 10 days. Skin lesions improved in 10 days without complications.
Conclusion: Disseminated HZ in HIV patients should be considered because of complications, recurrence, more difficult with a treat, and a higher risk of acyclovir resistance.
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Scabies in the Elderly: A Narrative Literature Review
Views: 1,443Downloads: 2,044Scabies is an ectoparasite infestation of the skin caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. In diagnosing scabies in the elderly, the practitioner should consider the overall clinical picture, including history, physical examination, and diagnostic tools to assist in making clinical decisions. In this population, early diagnosis and treatment of scabies are essential to prevent secondary infection and sepsis. Treatments that can be given to scabies in the elderly include eradication of mites, treatment of symptoms and complications, and therapy in close contact to prevent transmission. This literature review aims to discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of scabies in the elderly.
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Secukinumab Therapy on Psoriasis at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang
Views: 633Downloads: 411Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease mediated by T lymphocytes. IL-17 or IL-22 plays an important role in the chronic inflammatory process. Secukinumab is an effective biological agent therapy with a molecular target, IL-17A. This study aimed to describe PASI improvement and safety of using secukinumab in psoriasis patients at the Dermatology and Venereology Clinic Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang.
Methods: This study was a retrospective, descriptive-analytic study. The inclusion criteria of this study were all medical record data of patients diagnosed with cutaneous psoriasis through anamnesis, clinical and histopathology examination, treated with secukinumab from January 2018 to December 2020.
Results: Psoriasis patients with secukinumab therapy were 15 people. The number of male patients was 8 people, the mean age (+ SD) was 40.4, + 12.34 years, and the age range was 19-64 years. A family history of psoriasis was present in 2 patients (13.4%). Psoriasis vulgaris was the most prevalent type of psoriasis and was treated with secukinumab in 8 patients (53.3%). Another type was pustular psoriasis (20%) and erythrodermic psoriasis (26,7%). The triggers of exacerbations obtained in this study include occupation, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, and infections. PASI 75 was achieved by 13 patients (86.7%) at week 12, and all patients achieved DLQI<5. There were no adverse events during the use of secukinumab.
Conclusion: The improvement of PASI and DLQI scores were achieved at week 12 in accordance with previous studies. Risk factors do not reduce the therapeutic effect of secukinumab in achieving PASI 75.
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Efficacy of Exosome Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ACSs-Exosome) on Skin Flaps Transplantation in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Literature Review
Views: 786Downloads: 422Background: Exosomes are a small subset of extracellular vesicles with a size of about 50 nm – 200 nm, which are found in many body fluids. The exosome is rich in various proteins and is a cargo that carries out the process of transporting and transporting between cells in the context of cell communication. This becomes a potential new therapeutic modality in triggering the modulation and activity of target cells so that ACSs-Exosome becomes a new potential to modulate skin flap transplantation repair in plastic surgery.
Methods: The literature search process was carried out in various databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, Cochrane Libraries, and Google Scholar) regarding the use of ASCs-exosome in skin flap transplantation repair in plastic surgery cases.
Results: A total of 5 studies were included in this systematic review. In general, ASCs-exosome administration was more effective in the percentage of flap survival area than in the placebo group. There are 3 studies that state that the effectiveness of flap area survival is more than 70 percent compared to the placebo group, which is only in the range of 30-40 percent.
Conclusion: ASCs-exosome has the potential to be developed to improve the survival rate of skin flap transplantation in the case of plastic surgery.
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Strangulated Umbilical Hernia: A Case Report
Views: 2,144Downloads: 3,416Background: The abdominal wall hernia repair was one of the most frequently performed operations by general surgeons worldwide. The second most common hernia operation is repairs of umbilical hernia. It is estimated that 5% of individuals will develop an abdominal wall hernia over their lifetime. This study aimed to present a case of strangulated umbilical hernia.
Case presentation: 51 years old male patient presented with sharp, non-radiating pain in the left abdominal region, obstipation, and noted bulge at his umbilicus about one year ago that did not shrink when he was lying down two days ago, the diameter about 7 cm. A plain Abdominal X-ray showed partial small bowel obstruction. The patient was taken to the operation theatre for laparotomy resection and reanastomose ileum and repair hernia defect with mesh. Prior to surgery, the patient received antibiotic therapy with Cefazolin 2gr intravenous, and the nasogastric decompression tube (NGT) was installed. On exploration, it was found necrotic ileum along 15 cm and performed resection, followed by end-to-end anastomosis. After the surgical procedure, the patient's hemodynamics was stable.
Conclusion: Overall mortality and prognosis of hernia are influenced by whether the surgery was emergent or elective. Mortality is increased to up to 3% with emergency surgery for strangulated bowel, notably when bowel resection is performed.
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Management of Clavicle Midshaft Fractures: A Comparative Prospective Study in Jammu
Views: 680Downloads: 344Background: Clavicle fracture, which is also commonly known as a broken collarbone, occurs mostly due to direct high impact energy over the bone due to a fall onto the lateral shoulder or on the outstretched hand. It has been seen that such types of fractures are prevalent among active and sports persons due to sporting activities. This study aimed to assess the pros and cons associated with conservative and surgical management of clavicle fractures.
Methods: The present prospective comparative study was conducted at Government Medical College Kathua between February 2021 to January 2022. There was a total of 52 patients, with 26 patients in each group. Group A patients were given conservative management, while Group B patients were operated on for plate fixation.
Results: The average fracture union time in group A was slightly higher compared to group B (15.9 vs. 13) weeks. And the difference was statistically significant with a p-value of 0.0483. We observed that there exists a significant difference between the two groups with respect to the total score at 24 weeks (6 months). Evidently, the average CMS score for the conservative group is smaller compared to the operated group (89.95 vs. 94.2) weeks. However, the majority of patients in group A had malaunion complications (65.4%) compared to (3.8%) in group B, and the difference was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Evidently, post six months of displaced midshaft clavicle fracture, the rate of complications was more prevalent in group A compared to group B.
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The Role of Debridement and Spinal Fusion on Frankel Grade, ESR Levels, and CRP in Tuberculosis Spondylitis at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Views: 710Downloads: 461Background: The surgical strategy in the full management of spinal tuberculosis is to debride the tuberculous infection lesion with debridement adequate treatment, reduce symptoms of compression of nerves with adequate decompression, promote the improvement of nerve function, correct kyphosis and prevent deformity, and rebuild spinal stability. This study aims to evaluate the management of debridement and spinal fusion for clinical improvement as assessed by Frankel grade and improvement of laboratory features as assessed by ESR and CRP.
Methods: This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional approach which was conducted on 34 research subjects using secondary data. Univariate and bivariate data analysis was conducted to explore the role of debridement and spinal fusion on Frankel grade and ESR and CRP levels.
Results: Clinical improvement was seen pre and postoperatively related to Frankel grade. The majority of research subjects experienced improvement based on the Frankel grade. ESR and CRP levels.
Conclusion: The action of debridement and spinal fusion plays a role in clinical improvement based on Frankel grade and laboratory improvement based on ESR and CRP values.
